{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T08:29:50Z","timestamp":1786696190084,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["4262001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4262001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Chin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82171968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171968"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2023-I2M-C&T-A-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-I2M-C&T-A-005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Abdom Radiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-026-05423-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T01:22:00Z","timestamp":1771550520000},"page":"4440-4455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identifying a better-prognosis pancreatic cancer from its benign inflammatory mimic: a machine learning approach with contrast-enhanced ultrasound for early intervention"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Hua","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiyang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Gui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianjiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanying","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menghua","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junchao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuhuang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"5423_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2016.04.034","volume":"84","author":"CF Dietrich","year":"2016","unstructured":"C.F. Dietrich, A.V. Sahai, M. D\u2019Onofrio et al., Differential diagnosis of small solid pancreatic lesions. Gastrointest Endosc. 84(6), 933\u2013940 (2016)","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"5423_CR2","first-page":"12","volume":"74","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2024","unstructured":"R.L. Siegel, A.N. Giaquinto, A. Jemal, Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin. 74(1), 12\u201349 (2024)","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"7","key":"5423_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-22-1013","volume":"13","author":"L Wan","year":"2023","unstructured":"L. Wan, K.T. Lin, M.A. Rahman et al., Splicing factor SRSF1 promotes pancreatitis and KRASG12D-mediated pancreatic cancer. Cancer Discov. 13(7), 1678\u20131695 (2023)","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"4","key":"5423_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002081","volume":"118","author":"S Munigala","year":"2023","unstructured":"S. Munigala, S. Almaskeen, D.S. Subramaniam et al., Acute pancreatitis recurrences augment long-term pancreatic cancer risk. Am J Gastroenterol. 118(4), 727\u2013737 (2023)","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5423_CR5","first-page":"229","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"F. Bray, M. Laversanne, H. Sung et al., Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 74(3), 229\u2013263 (2024)","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"9","key":"5423_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6336","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08698-3","volume":"32","author":"H Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"H. Zhang, Y. Meng, Q. Li et al., Two nomograms for differentiating mass-forming chronic pancreatitis from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Eur Radiol. 32(9), 6336\u20136347 (2022)","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5423_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-020-00324-z","volume":"20","author":"W Schima","year":"2020","unstructured":"W. Schima, G. B\u00f6hm, C.S. R\u00f6sch, A. Klaus, R. F\u00fcgger, H. Kopf, Mass-forming pancreatitis versus pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: CT and MR imaging for differentiation. Cancer Imaging. 20(1), 52 (2020)","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging."},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"5423_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2016.1197419","volume":"55","author":"J Ferlay","year":"2016","unstructured":"J. Ferlay, C. Partensky, F. Bray, More deaths from pancreatic cancer than breast cancer in the EU by 2017. Acta Oncol. 55(9\u201310), 1158\u20131160 (2016)","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5423_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-019-02292-w","volume":"45","author":"SB Elsherif","year":"2020","unstructured":"S.B. Elsherif, M. Virarkar, S. Javadi et al., Pancreatitis and PDAC: association and differentiation. Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(5), 1324\u20131337 (2020)","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"issue":"11","key":"5423_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.318","volume":"109","author":"S Munigala","year":"2014","unstructured":"S. Munigala, F. Kanwal, H. Xian et al., New diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis: risk of missing an underlying pancreatic cancer. Am J Gastroenterol. 109(11), 1824\u20131830 (2014)","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"5423_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7857","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S217033","volume":"11","author":"S Ren","year":"2019","unstructured":"S. Ren, X. Chen, W. Cui et al., Differentiation of chronic mass-forming pancreatitis from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Cancer Manag Res. 11, 7857\u20137866 (2019)","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res."},{"key":"5423_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109360","volume":"133","author":"S Ren","year":"2020","unstructured":"S. Ren, L. Qian, M.J. Daniels et al., Evaluation of contrast-enhanced computed tomography for the differential diagnosis of hypovascular pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from chronic mass-forming pancreatitis. Eur J Radiol. 133, 109360 (2020)","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"5423_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-022-2535-2","volume":"42","author":"S Ren","year":"2022","unstructured":"S. Ren, H.J. Tang, R. Zhao et al., Application of unenhanced computed tomography texture analysis to differentiate pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Curr Med Sci. 42(1), 217\u2013225 (2022)","journal-title":"Curr Med Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"5423_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8296","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08930-0","volume":"32","author":"J Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"J. Huang, J. Yang, J. Ding et al., Development and validation of an ultrasound-based prediction model for differentiating between malignant and benign solid pancreatic lesions. Eur Radiol. 32(12), 8296\u20138305 (2022)","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5423_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-024-01779-5","volume":"15","author":"WY Jia","year":"2024","unstructured":"W.Y. Jia, Y. Gui, X.Q. Chen et al., Efficacy of color Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in identifying vascular invasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Insights Imaging. 15(1), 181 (2024)","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"5423_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0586-1107","volume":"39","author":"PS Sidhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"P.S. Sidhu, V. Cantisani, C.F. Dietrich et al., The EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations for the clinical practice of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in non-hepatic applications: update 2017 (long version). Ultraschall Med. 39(2), e2\u2013e44 (2018)","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5423_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.01.053","volume":"81","author":"M D\u2019Onofrio","year":"2012","unstructured":"M. D\u2019Onofrio, E. Barbi, C.F. Dietrich et al., Pancreatic multicenter ultrasound study (PAMUS). Eur J Radiol. 81(4), 630\u2013638 (2012)","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5423_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08243-8","volume":"32","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Y. Wang, G. Li, K. Yan et al., Clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound enhancement patterns for differentiating solid pancreatic lesions. Eur Radiol. 32(3), 2060\u20132069 (2022)","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5423_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37909-5","volume":"9","author":"E Katsuta","year":"2019","unstructured":"E. Katsuta, Q. Qi, X. Peng et al., Pancreatic adenocarcinomas with mature blood vessels have better overall survival. Sci Rep. 9(1), 1310 (2019)","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5423_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6823","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S307079","volume":"13","author":"T Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"T. Zhou, L. Tan, Y. Gui et al., Correlation between enhancement patterns on transabdominal ultrasound and survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Manag Res. 13, 6823\u20136832 (2021)","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"5423_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v9.i9.2100","volume":"9","author":"ZQ Wang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Z.Q. Wang, J.S. Li, G.M. Lu et al., Correlation of CT enhancement, tumor angiogenesis and pathologic grading of pancreatic carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 9(9), 2100\u20132104 (2003)","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"5423_CR22","first-page":"127","volume":"69","author":"WL Bi","year":"2019","unstructured":"W.L. Bi, A. Hosny, M.B. Schabath et al., Artificial intelligence in cancer imaging: Clinical challenges and applications. CA Cancer J Clin. 69, 127\u2013157 (2019)","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"5423_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2021.03.009","volume":"83","author":"P Papadimitroulas","year":"2021","unstructured":"P. Papadimitroulas, L. Brocki, N. Christopher Chung et al., Artificial intelligence: Deep learning in oncological radiomics and challenges of interpretability and data harmonization. Phys Med. 83, 108\u2013121 (2021)","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5423_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02258-8","volume":"20","author":"T Tong","year":"2022","unstructured":"T. Tong, J. Gu, D. Xu et al., Deep learning radiomics based on contrast-enhanced ultrasound images for assisted diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis. BMC Med. 20(1), 74 (2022)","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"5423_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-023-01010-9","volume":"23","author":"S Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"S. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Li et al., Performance of a computer-aided diagnosis system (Ceusia-Breast) in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions on contrast-enhanced ultrasound. BMC Med Imaging. 23, 63 (2023)","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"5423_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.23031","volume":"42","author":"X Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"X. Zhang, Z. Shi, Y. Xie et al., Quantitative analysis using intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound in adult-type diffuse gliomas with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations: association between hemodynamics and molecular features. Ultrasonography. 42, 561\u2013571 (2023)","journal-title":"Ultrasonography"},{"issue":"2","key":"5423_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13020238","volume":"13","author":"D Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"D. Yang, J. Cheng, X. Tian et al., Prediction of pathological grades of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors based on dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound quantitative analysis. Diagnostics. 13(2), 238 (2023)","journal-title":"Diagnostics."},{"key":"5423_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17111879","volume":"17","author":"L Galasso","year":"2025","unstructured":"L. Galasso, C. Felicani, M. D\u2019Onofrio et al., Role of B-mode and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the management of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Cancers (Basel). 17, 1879 (2025)","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"5423_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6823","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S307079","volume":"13","author":"T Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"T. Zhou, L. Tan, Y. Gui et al., Correlation between enhancement patterns on transabdominal ultrasound and survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Manag Res. 13, 6823\u20136832 (2021)","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"key":"5423_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11888","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38981-2","volume":"13","author":"A Constantin","year":"2023","unstructured":"A. Constantin, P.N. Figueiredo, A. Seicean et al., Dynamic contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound for the prediction of survival in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a pilot study. Sci Rep. 13, 11888 (2023)","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"5423_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6668","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08854-9","volume":"32","author":"P Gupta","year":"2022","unstructured":"P. Gupta, P. Rana, Y. Marodia et al., Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of solid pancreatic head lesions: a prospective study. Eur Radiol. 32(10), 6668\u20136677 (2022)","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"5423_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.18632\/genesandcancer.223","volume":"13","author":"L Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"L. Wang, S.M. Domchek, M.L. Kochman et al., Reaching beyond family history as inclusion criteria for pancreatic cancer surveillance in high-risk populations. Genes Cancer. 13, 49\u201351 (2022)","journal-title":"Genes Cancer"},{"key":"5423_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brandenstein M, Wiesinger I, K\u00fcnzel J, et al. Multiparametric sonographic imaging of thyroid lesions: chances of B-mode, elastography and CEUS in relation to preoperative histopathology. Cancers (Basel) 2022;14(19).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14194745"},{"issue":"2","key":"5423_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.33.2.215","volume":"33","author":"WT Kong","year":"2014","unstructured":"W.T. Kong, W.P. Wang, W.W. Zhang et al., Contribution of contrast-enhanced sonography in the detection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Ultrasound Med. 33(2), 215\u2013220 (2014)","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"5423_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-2175","volume":"16","author":"N Lassau","year":"2010","unstructured":"N. Lassau, S. Koscielny, L. Chami et al., Metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib: early evaluation of treatment response using dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Clin Cancer Res. 16, 1216\u20131225 (2010)","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"5423_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.07.005","volume":"36","author":"MA Averkiou","year":"2010","unstructured":"M.A. Averkiou, M. Lampaskis, K. Kyriakopoulou et al., Quantification of tumor microvascularity with respiratory gated contrast-enhanced ultrasound for monitoring therapy. Ultrasound Med Biol. 36, 68\u201377 (2010)","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"5423_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11101893","volume":"260","author":"R Williams","year":"2011","unstructured":"R. Williams, J.M. Hudson, B.A. Lloyd et al., Dynamic microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound to measure tumor response to targeted therapy: a proposed clinical protocol with results from renal cell carcinoma patients receiving antiangiogenic therapy. Radiology. 260, 581\u2013590 (2011)","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"5423_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13116","volume":"117","author":"AW Postema","year":"2016","unstructured":"A.W. Postema, P.J.A. Frinking, M. Smeenge et al., Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound parametric imaging for the detection of prostate cancer. BJU Int. 117, 598\u2013603 (2016)","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"5423_CR39","first-page":"2077","volume":"27","author":"N Lassau","year":"2017","unstructured":"N. Lassau, M. Lamuraglia, L. Chami et al., Quantification of tumor perfusion changes during antiangiogenic therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma using dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Eur Radiol. 27, 2077\u20132087 (2017)","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"5423_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1936.tb02137.x","volume":"7","author":"RA Fisher","year":"1936","unstructured":"R.A. Fisher, The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems. Ann Eugen. 7, 179\u2013188 (1936)","journal-title":"Ann Eugen"},{"key":"5423_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1967.1053964","volume":"13","author":"T Cover","year":"1967","unstructured":"T. Cover, P. Hart, Nearest neighbor pattern classification. IEEE Trans Inf Theory. 13, 21\u201327 (1967)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Theory"},{"key":"5423_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022627411411","volume":"20","author":"C Cortes","year":"1995","unstructured":"C. Cortes, V. Vapnik, Support-vector networks. Mach Learn. 20, 273\u2013297 (1995)","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"5423_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"L. Breiman, Random forests. Mach Learn. 45, 5\u201332 (2001)","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"5423_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen T, Guestrin C. XGBoost: A scalable tree boosting system. Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. ACM; 2016:785-794.","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785"},{"issue":"26","key":"5423_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v31.i26.109500","volume":"31","author":"S Ren","year":"2025","unstructured":"S. Ren, L.N. Song, R. Zhao, Y. Tian, Z.Q. Wang, Serum exosomal hsa-let-7f-5p: A potential diagnostic biomarker for metastatic pancreatic cancer detection. World J Gastroenterol. 31(26), 109500 (2025)","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Abdominal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05423-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05423-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05423-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T08:02:53Z","timestamp":1786694573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05423-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05423-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2366-0058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2366-0058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (approval number: I-24PJ1009) and adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective cohort study used non-identifiable data extracted from hospital records and electronic databases; therefore, the requirement for written informed consent was waived by the institutional ethics committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}