{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:49:06Z","timestamp":1782103746882,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008331","name":"Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Abdom Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic liver diseases (CLD) are highly prevalent. Early diagnosis and staging of hepatic dysfunction are essential for optimal treatment decisions. While conventional imaging primarily evaluates morphology and focal liver lesions, gadoxetic acid (GA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides additional functional information by assessing hepatocellular uptake and biliary excretion. Hepatocyte uptake depends largely on sinusoidal membrane transporters (OATP1B1\/1B3), while excretion into bile canaliculi is mediated by MRP2. In liver dysfunction and cirrhosis, both processes may be impaired, resulting in measurable changes on hepatobiliary phase (HBP). This review summarizes the biological rationale, MRI protocol, and quantitative indices, including RLE, REI, HUI, rHUI, SIR, CUI, LSI, as well as the qualitative Functional Liver Imaging Score (FLIS). It also highlights key clinical applications, including prognostication in advanced CLD, preoperative risk stratification for post-hepatectomy liver failure, evaluation in the setting of embolization and locoregional therapies, and transplant assessment, along with emerging roles in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Finally, future directions are discussed, including T1 mapping and AI-based whole-liver quantification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-026-05623-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:26:14Z","timestamp":1782102374000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond morphology: functional imaging of the liver with gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Salles-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sthefane Louise","family":"Gomes Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosana","family":"Souza Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Luis Eiras","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Mello Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"D\u2019Ippolito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Lorenzoni Almeida Ghezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Hugo","family":"Mendes Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviane","family":"Brand\u00e3o Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniella","family":"Braz Parente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"5623_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.296095501","volume":"29","author":"NK Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee, N.K., et al., Biliary MR imaging with Gd-EOB-DTPA and its clinical applications. Radiographics, 2009. 29(6): p. 1707\u201324.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.296095501.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"2","key":"5623_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.01.031","volume":"57","author":"BE Van Beers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Van Beers, B.E., C.M. Pastor, and H.K. Hussain, Primovist, Eovist: what to expect? J Hepatol, 2012. 57(2): p. 421\u20139.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.01.031.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5623_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3532","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-020-02779-x","volume":"45","author":"S Poetter-Lang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poetter-Lang, S., et al., Quantification of liver function using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Abdom Radiol (NY), 2020. 45(11): p. 3532\u20133544.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-020-02779-x.","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5623_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4538","volume":"195","author":"I Cruite","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cruite, I., et al., Gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI of the liver: part 2, protocol optimization and lesion appearance in the cirrhotic liver. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2010. 195(1): p. 29\u201341.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.10.4538.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5623_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10092065","volume":"256","author":"N Tsuda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsuda, N. and O. Matsui, Cirrhotic rat liver: reference to transporter activity and morphologic changes in bile canaliculi\u2013gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology, 2010. 256(3): p. 767\u201373.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.10092065.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"5623_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23921","volume":"37","author":"Z Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu, Z., et al., Usefulness of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging in the evaluation of simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2013. 37(5): p. 1137\u201343.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.23921.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"5623_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2014.02.004","volume":"52","author":"FF Guglielmo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guglielmo, F.F., D.G. Mitchell, and S. Gupta, Gadolinium contrast agent selection and optimal use for body MR imaging. Radiol Clin North Am, 2014. 52(4): p. 637\u201356.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2014.02.004.","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"5623_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06110-1","volume":"29","author":"L Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, L., et al., Detection of liver metastases on gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI: systematic review, meta-analysis, and similarities with gadoxetate-enhanced MRI. Eur Radiol, 2019. 29(10): p. 5205\u20135216.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06110-1.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5623_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.04.032","volume":"77","author":"N Bastati","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bastati, N., et al., Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI-derived functional liver imaging score (FLIS) and spleen diameter predict outcomes in ACLD. J Hepatol, 2022. 77(4): p. 1005\u20131013.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.04.032.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5623_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019190734","volume":"294","author":"N Bastati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bastati, N., et al., Does the Functional Liver Imaging Score Derived from Gadoxetic Acid-enhanced MRI Predict Outcomes in Chronic Liver Disease? Radiology, 2020. 294(1): p. 98\u2013107.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2019190734.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"5623_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000286","volume":"51","author":"N Bastati","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bastati, N., et al., Assessment of Orthotopic Liver Transplant Graft Survival on Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Qualitative and Quantitative Parameters. Invest Radiol, 2016. 51(11): p. 728\u2013734.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000286.","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5623_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-018-9874-x","volume":"12","author":"M Kudo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kudo, M., et al., Evaluation of liver function using gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance imaging based on a three-dimensional volumetric analysis system. Hepatol Int, 2018. 12(4): p. 368\u2013376.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-018-9874-x.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"5623_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5142","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09402-9","volume":"33","author":"AL Eiras-Araujo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eiras-Araujo, A.L., et al., Relative enhancement index can be used to quantify liver function in cirrhotic patients that undergo gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Eur Radiol, 2023. 33(7): p. 5142\u20135149.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-023-09402-9.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5623_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-82741-9","volume":"14","author":"N Sakai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sakai, N., et al., Low functional liver imaging score is associated with poor prognosis following hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep, 2024. 14(1): p. 31290.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-82741-9.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"5623_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e318245f7be","volume":"47","author":"A Wibmer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wibmer, A., et al., Liver transplantation: impaired biliary excretion of gadoxate is associated with an inferior 1-year retransplantation-free survival. Invest Radiol, 2012. 47(6): p. 353\u20138.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RLI.0b013e318245f7be.","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"5623_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109189","volume":"130","author":"Y Tsujita","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tsujita, Y., et al., Prediction of post-hepatectomy liver failure using gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein invasion. Eur J Radiol, 2020. 130: p. 109189.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109189.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5623_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8606","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-07955-1","volume":"31","author":"HJ Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee, H.J., et al., Validation of functional liver imaging scores (FLIS) derived from gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in patients with chronic liver disease and liver cirrhosis: the relationship between Child-Pugh score and FLIS. Eur Radiol, 2021. 31(11): p. 8606\u20138614.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-021-07955-1.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5623_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08218-9","volume":"32","author":"O Ocal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ocal, O., et al., Correlation of liver enhancement in gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI with liver functions: a multicenter-multivendor analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients from SORAMIC trial. Eur Radiol, 2022. 32(2): p. 1320\u20131329.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-021-08218-9.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5623_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-3086-5","volume":"24","author":"T Yoneyama","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yoneyama, T., et al., Efficacy of liver parenchymal enhancement and liver volume to standard liver volume ratio on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI for estimation of liver function. Eur Radiol, 2014. 24(4): p. 857\u201365.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-013-3086-5.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5623_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11100586","volume":"260","author":"A Yamada","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yamada, A., et al., Quantitative evaluation of liver function with use of gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology, 2011. 260(3): p. 727\u201333.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.11100586.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"5623_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v8.i7.355","volume":"8","author":"A De Gasperi","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Gasperi, A., E. Mazza, and M. Prosperi, Indocyanine green kinetics to assess liver function: Ready for a clinical dynamic assessment in major liver surgery? World J Hepatol, 2016. 8(7): p. 355\u201367.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4254\/wjh.v8.i7.355.","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5623_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018180753","volume":"290","author":"JH Yoon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoon, J.H., et al., Quantitative Assessment of Liver Function by Using Gadoxetic Acid-enhanced MRI: Hepatocyte Uptake Ratio. Radiology, 2019. 290(1): p. 125\u2013133.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2018180753.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"5623_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2022.2032321","volume":"57","author":"Q Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Q., et al., Quantitative evaluation of liver function with gadoxetic acid enhanced MRI: Comparison among signal intensity-, T1-relaxometry-, and dynamic-hepatocyte-specific-contrast-enhanced MRI- derived parameters. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022. 57(6): p. 705\u2013712.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365521.2022.2032321.","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"12","key":"5623_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6600","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06182-z","volume":"29","author":"L Beer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beer, L., et al., Inter- and intra-reader agreement for gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI parameter readings in patients with chronic liver diseases. Eur Radiol, 2019. 29(12): p. 6600\u20136610.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06182-z.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5623_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.05.025","volume":"75","author":"European Association for the Study of the","year":"2021","unstructured":"European Association for the Study of the, L., EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis\u2009\u2013\u20092021 update. J Hepatol, 2021. 75(3): p. 659\u2013689.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.05.025.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"5623_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136777","author":"SY Neshat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Neshat SY et al (2021) Liver Disease: Induction, Progression, Immunological Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22136777","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"5623_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.09.046","volume":"13","author":"S Singh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singh S et al (2015) Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance elastography in staging liver fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 13(3):440-451e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.09.046","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5623_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08297-8","volume":"32","author":"Q Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Q., et al., Predictive value of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for posthepatectomy liver failure: a systematic review. Eur Radiol, 2022. 32(3): p. 1792\u20131803.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-021-08297-8.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5623_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5235","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000002566","volume":"111","author":"G Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, G., et al., Quantitative assessment of liver graft function using functional automated whole-liver score derived from gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI: a prospective cohort study. Int J Surg, 2025. 111(8): p. 5235\u20135244.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JS9.0000000000002566.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"5623_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e233229","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.233229","volume":"314","author":"K Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, K., et al., Gadoxetic Acid-enhanced MRI Scoring Model to Predict Pathologic Features of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Radiology, 2025. 314(2): p. e233229.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.233229.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"5623_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12051151","author":"F De Muzio","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Muzio F et al (2022) Complications after Thermal Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Metastases: Imaging Findings. Diagnostics (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12051151","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"5623_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2024.12.068","volume":"32","author":"X Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu, X., et al., Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Liver Failure After Transarterial Chemoembolization Using Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced MRI and Functional Liver Imaging Score. Acad Radiol, 2025. 32(6): p. 3315\u20133323.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2024.12.068.","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5623_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.08.028","volume":"82","author":"European Association for the Study of the","year":"2025","unstructured":"European Association for the Study of the, L., EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol, 2025. 82(2): p. 315\u2013374.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.08.028.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5623_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24076","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01839-6","volume":"11","author":"JY Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee, J.Y., et al., Liver MRI and clinical findings to predict response after drug eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep, 2021. 11(1): p. 24076.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-01839-6.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"26","key":"5623_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3116","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i26.3116","volume":"28","author":"M Gatti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gatti, M., et al., Role of gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma after locoregional treatment. World J Gastroenterol, 2022. 28(26): p. 3116\u20133131.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v28.i26.3116.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5623_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s44355-025-00030-2","volume":"2","author":"MT Tantu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tantu, M.T., et al., Pathophysiology, noninvasive diagnostics and emerging personalized treatments for metabolic associated liver diseases. npj Gut and Liver, 2025. 2(1): p. 18.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44355-025-00030-2.","journal-title":"npj Gut and Liver"},{"issue":"2","key":"5623_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2025.0966","volume":"27","author":"SM Chan","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chan, S.M., et al., Imaging Evaluation for Steatotic Liver Disease. Korean J Radiol, 2026. 27(2): p. 137\u2013151.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3348\/kjr.2025.0966.","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5623_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e240221","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.240221","volume":"45","author":"EG Osta","year":"2025","unstructured":"Osta, E.G., et al., Current Update on Nomenclature, Diagnosis, and Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Radiologists\u2019 Perspective. Radiographics, 2025. 45(12): p. e240221.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.240221.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"11","key":"5623_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e240048","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.240048","volume":"44","author":"S Hosseini Shabanan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hosseini Shabanan, S., et al., MASLD: What We Have Learned and Where We Need to Go\u2014A Call to Action. RadioGraphics, 2024. 44(11): p. e240048.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.240048.","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"issue":"3","key":"5623_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14131890","volume":"271","author":"N Bastati","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bastati, N., et al., Noninvasive differentiation of simple steatosis and steatohepatitis by using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a proof-of-concept study. Radiology, 2014. 271(3): p. 739\u201347.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.14131890.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"5623_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v12.i9.661","volume":"12","author":"VB Amorim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amorim, V.B., et al., Can gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging be used to avoid liver biopsy in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? World J Hepatol, 2020. 12(9): p. 661\u2013671.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4254\/wjh.v12.i9.661.","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5623_CR42","first-page":"20","volume":"9","author":"IL Steele","year":"2007","unstructured":"Steele, I.L., C. Levy, and K.D. Lindor, Primary sclerosing cholangitis\u2013approach to diagnosis. MedGenMed, 2007. 9(2): p. 20.","journal-title":"MedGenMed"},{"issue":"1","key":"5623_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-022-03655-6","volume":"48","author":"MA Morgan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morgan, M.A., et al., Primary sclerosing cholangitis: review for radiologists. Abdom Radiol (NY), 2023. 48(1): p. 136\u2013150.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-022-03655-6.","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"issue":"7","key":"5623_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2019180213","volume":"39","author":"P Khoshpouri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khoshpouri, P., et al., Imaging Features of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: From Diagnosis to Liver Transplant Follow-up. Radiographics, 2019. 39(7): p. 1938\u20131964.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.2019180213.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"3","key":"5623_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-020-02731-z","volume":"46","author":"A Elkilany","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elkilany, A., et al., Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in primary sclerosing cholangitis: added value in assessing liver function and monitoring disease progression. Abdom Radiol (NY), 2021. 46(3): p. 979\u2013991.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-020-02731-z.","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"issue":"4","key":"5623_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3360","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-24-1827","volume":"15","author":"X Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, X., et al., Evaluation of liver function using hepatocyte uptake and T1 mapping indices in gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: correlation with the albumin-bilirubin grading system. Quant Imaging Med Surg, 2025. 15(4): p. 3360\u20133371.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/qims-24-1827.","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"5623_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3587","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-11238-w","volume":"35","author":"J Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, J., et al., Predicting post-hepatectomy liver failure with T1 mapping-based whole-liver histogram analysis on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI: comparison with the indocyanine green clearance test and albumin-bilirubin scoring system. Eur Radiol, 2025. 35(6): p. 3587\u20133598.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-024-11238-w.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5623_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-11173-w","volume":"35","author":"B Jeong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jeong, B., et al., Predicting post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: nomograms based on deep learning analysis of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Eur Radiol, 2025. 35(5): p. 2769\u20132782.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-024-11173-w.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5623_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200029","DOI":"10.1148\/ryai.2020200029","volume":"2","author":"J Mongan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mongan J, Moy L, Kahn CE Jr. (2020) Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM): A Guide for Authors and Reviewers. Radiol Artif Intell 2(2):e200029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/ryai.2020200029","journal-title":"Radiol Artif Intell"},{"key":"5623_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e078378","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-078378","volume":"385","author":"GS Collins","year":"2024","unstructured":"Collins, G.S., et al., TRIPOD\u2009+\u2009AI statement: updated guidance for reporting clinical prediction models that use regression or machine learning methods. BMJ, 2024. 385: p. e078378.DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2023-078378.","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["Abdominal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05623-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05623-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05623-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:26:15Z","timestamp":1782102375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05623-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["5623"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05623-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2366-0058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2366-0058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 June 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}