{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:02:29Z","timestamp":1790089349154,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Abdom Radiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-026-05794-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:20:44Z","timestamp":1790086844000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MRI of spermatic cord lesions: a practical pattern-based approach"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1086-3729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuji","family":"Nagata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Shouji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6519-3446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomonori","family":"Chikasue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Sumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiminori","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuichi","family":"Tanoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"5794_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.210161","volume":"42","author":"N Karbasian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karbasian N, Segaran N, Solomon N, Pellerito JS, Katz DS, Moshiri M, Revzin MV (2022) Pathologic conditions at imaging of the spermatic cord. Radiographics 42:741\u2013758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.210161","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"5794_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.236025174","volume":"23","author":"SA Akbar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Akbar SA, Sayyed TA, Jafri SZ, Hasteh F, Neill JS (2003) Multimodality imaging of paratesticular neoplasms and their rare mimics. Radiographics 23:1461\u20131476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.236025174","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"5794_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.231025133","volume":"23","author":"PJ Woodward","year":"2003","unstructured":"Woodward PJ, Schwab CM, Sesterhenn IA (2003) From the archives of the AFIP: extratesticular scrotal masses: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 23:215\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.231025133","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"5794_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.275065172","volume":"27","author":"W Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim W, Rosen MA, Langer JE, Banner MP, Siegelman ES, Ramchandani P (2007) US MR imaging correlation in pathologic conditions of the scrotum. Radiographics 27:1239\u20131253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.275065172","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"5794_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e220113","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.220113","volume":"43","author":"H Gabriel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gabriel H, Hammond NA, Marquez RA, Lopes Vendrami C, Horowitz JM, Casalino DD, Nikolaidis P, Miller FH, Bhatt S (2023) Gamut of extratesticular scrotal masses: anatomic approach to sonographic differential diagnosis. Radiographics 43:e220113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.220113","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"5794_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-024-01605-4","volume":"42","author":"H Edo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Edo H, Yagi F, Mizuno M, Okada M, Hyoe E, Ozaki I, Akita H, Jinzaki M, Shinmoto H (2024) Extratesticular masses focusing on MRI findings. Jpn J Radiol 42:1087\u20131099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11604-024-01605-4","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"key":"5794_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850701553163","volume":"48","author":"JP Busigo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Busigo JP, Eftekhari F (2007) Encysted spermatic cord hydroceles: a report of three cases in adults and a review of the literature. Acta Radiol 48:1138\u20131142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02841850701553163","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"5794_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2010.02.062","volume":"76","author":"YT Chang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chang YT, Lee JY, Wang JY, Chiou CS, Chang CC (2010) Hydrocele of the spermatic cord in infants and children: its particular characteristics. Urology 76:82\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2010.02.062","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"5794_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.74.885.740818","volume":"74","author":"V Rathaus","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rathaus V, Konen O, Shapiro M, Lazar L, Grunebaum M, Werner M (2001) Ultrasound features of spermatic cord hydrocele in children. Br J Radiol 74:818\u2013820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.74.885.740818","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"5794_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02260.x","volume":"23","author":"PT Chan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chan PT, Schlegel PN (2002) Inflammatory conditions of the male excurrent ductal system. Part II. J Androl 23:461\u2013469.","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"5794_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13759","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.13759","volume":"13","author":"A Sultan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sultan A, Hassan M, Choudhry MS, Shahani B, Ali M (2021) Vasitis nodosa: a rare diagnosis for inguinal swelling. Cureus 13:e13759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.13759","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"5794_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.12.006","volume":"66","author":"K Eddy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eddy K, Connell D, Goodacre B, Eddy R (2011) Imaging findings prevent unnecessary surgery in vasitis: an under-reported condition mimicking inguinal hernia. Clin Radiol 66:475\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2010.12.006","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"5794_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1586143","volume":"33","author":"JR Lomboy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lomboy JR, Coward RM (2016) The varicocele: clinical presentation, evaluation, and surgical management. Semin Intervent Radiol 33:163\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0036-1586143","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"5794_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13053","volume":"9","author":"M Bertolotto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bertolotto M, Cantisani V, Drudi FM, Lotti F (2021) Varicocoele. Classification and pitfalls. Andrology 9:1322\u20131330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.13053","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"5794_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-020-00509-z","volume":"23","author":"M Bertolotto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bertolotto M, Freeman S, Richenberg J, Belfield J, Dogra V, Huang DY, Lotti F, Markiet K, Nikolic O, Ramanathan S, Ramchandani P, Rocher L, Secil M, Sidhu PS, Skrobisz K, Studniarek M, Tsili A, Turgut AT, Pavlica P, Derchi LE, Members of the E-SW (2020) Ultrasound evaluation of varicoceles: systematic literature review and rationale of the ESUR-SPIWG guidelines and recommendations. J Ultrasound 23:487\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40477-020-00509-z","journal-title":"J Ultrasound"},{"key":"5794_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2016150153","volume":"36","author":"M Braschi-Amirfarzan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Braschi-Amirfarzan M, Keraliya AR, Krajewski KM, Tirumani SH, Shinagare AB, Hornick JL, Baldini EH, George S, Ramaiya NH, Jagannathan JP (2016) Role of imaging in management of desmoid-type fibromatosis: a primer for radiologists. Radiographics 36:767\u2013782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.2016150153","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"5794_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215810","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/215810","volume":"2012","author":"EA Walker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Walker EA, Petscavage JM, Brian PL, Logie CI, Montini KM, Murphey MD (2012) Imaging features of superficial and deep fibromatoses in the adult population. Sarcoma 2012:215810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/215810","journal-title":"Sarcoma"},{"key":"5794_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2024.0885","volume":"26","author":"T Kaga","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kaga T, Kato H, Kawaguchi M, Kanayama T, Nagano A, Omata S, Noda Y, Hyodo F, Matsuo M (2025) MRI characteristics for distinguishing solitary fibrous tumor from desmoid tumor. Korean J Radiol 26:169\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3348\/kjr.2024.0885","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"5794_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-021-01095-2","volume":"16","author":"MU Tariq","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tariq MU, Din NU, Abdul-Ghafar J, Park YK (2021) The many faces of solitary fibrous tumor; diversity of histological features, differential diagnosis and role of molecular studies and surrogate markers in avoiding misdiagnosis and predicting the behavior. Diagn Pathol 16:32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13000-021-01095-2","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"5794_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2018.1577","volume":"8","author":"Z Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li Z, Zhou L, Zhao L, Chen P, Liu Y, Ding Y, Sun S, Yang S, Lai Y (2018) Giant paratesticular liposarcoma: a case report and review of the literature. Mol Clin Oncol 8:613\u2013616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mco.2018.1577","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"},{"key":"5794_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2016150133","volume":"36","author":"P Gupta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gupta P, Potti TA, Wuertzer SD, Lenchik L, Pacholke DA (2016) Spectrum of fat-containing soft-tissue masses at MR imaging: the common, the uncommon, the characteristic, and the sometimes confusing. Radiographics 36:753\u2013766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.2016150133","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"5794_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000170343.09562.39","volume":"29","author":"MB Binh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Binh MB, Sastre-Garau X, Guillou L, de Pinieux G, Terrier P, Lagace R, Aurias A, Hostein I, Coindre JM (2005) MDM2 and CDK4 immunostainings are useful adjuncts in diagnosing well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma subtypes: a comparative analysis of 559 soft tissue neoplasms with genetic data. Am J Surg Pathol 29:1340\u20131347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.pas.0000170343.09562.39","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"5794_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000426","volume":"39","author":"ON Kryvenko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kryvenko ON, Rosenberg AE, Jorda M, Epstein JI (2015) Dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the spermatic cord: a series of 42 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 39:1219\u20131225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000426","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"5794_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102255362311515","DOI":"10.1177\/10225536231151519","volume":"31","author":"K Yoshida","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yoshida K, Nakamura T, Nakamura K, Matsuyama Y, Hagi T, Asanuma K, Sudo A (2023) The characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging and immunohistochemical findings in de-differentiated liposarcoma. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 31:10225536231151519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10225536231151519","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"key":"5794_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30182","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.30182","volume":"14","author":"G Panneerselvam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Panneerselvam G, Ilangovan G, Parthasarathy EA, Anand R, Joseph JS, Khalil-Khan A (2022) Concomitant presence of spermatic cord and testicular non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma with recurrence: a case report on a rare entity. Cureus 14:e30182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.30182","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"5794_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2015.06.004","volume":"10","author":"A Sabale","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sabale A, Prahladan A, Kalidos K, Koshy SM, Ramachandran K (2015) Unusual continuous intra-abdominal spread of primary testicular lymphoma along the spermatic cord and gonadal vessels: report of 2 cases. Radiol Case Rep 10:76\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radcr.2015.06.004","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"5794_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3912","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14163912","volume":"14","author":"AC Tsili","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsili AC, Sofikitis N, Pappa O, Bougia CK, Argyropoulou MI (2022) An overview of the role of multiparametric MRI in the investigation of testicular tumors. Cancers (Basel) 14:3912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14163912","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"5794_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.01.04","volume":"6","author":"G Dagur","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dagur G, Gandhi J, Kapadia K, Inam R, Smith NL, Joshi G, Khan SA (2017) Neoplastic diseases of the spermatic cord: an overview of pathological features, evaluation, and management. Transl Androl Urol 6:101\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tau.2017.01.04","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"5794_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2006.25.5.563","volume":"25","author":"SB Vijayaraghavan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vijayaraghavan SB (2006) Sonographic differential diagnosis of acute scrotum: real-time whirlpool sign, a key sign of torsion. J Ultrasound Med 25:563\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7863\/jum.2006.25.5.563","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"5794_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20946","volume":"26","author":"Y Watanabe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Watanabe Y, Nagayama M, Okumura A, Amoh Y, Suga T, Terai A, Dodo Y (2007) MR imaging of testicular torsion: features of testicular hemorrhagic necrosis and clinical outcomes. J Magn Reson Imaging 26:100\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.20946","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"5794_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1572350","volume":"19","author":"IM Noebauer-Huhmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Noebauer-Huhmann IM, Weber MA, Lalam RK, Trattnig S, Bohndorf K, Vanhoenacker F, Tagliafico A, van Rijswijk C, Vilanova JC, Afonso PD, Breitenseher M, Beggs I, Robinson P, de Jonge MC, Krestan C, Bloem JL (2015) Soft tissue tumors in adults: ESSR-approved guidelines for diagnostic imaging. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 19:e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0036-1572350","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"key":"5794_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287212447839","volume":"4","author":"D Rodriguez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rodriguez D, Olumi AF (2012) Management of spermatic cord tumors: a rare urologic malignancy. Ther Adv Urol 4:325\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1756287212447839","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol"}],"container-title":["Abdominal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05794-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05794-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05794-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:20:45Z","timestamp":1790086845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05794-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["5794"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05794-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2366-0058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2366-0058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The retrospective use of clinical data and images was approved by our institutional review board. The requirement for informed consent for study participation was waived because of the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for publication of the anonymized clinical images was obtained from all patients or their legal guardians.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}