{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:39:19Z","timestamp":1792532359526,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Abdom Radiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-026-05808-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T08:25:57Z","timestamp":1792484757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Machine learning-based CT radiomics for identifying high risk esophageal varices of bleeding in hepatocellular carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9450-8136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping-Chien","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Yu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8541-9457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-An","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4346-6292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"5808_CR1","first-page":"979","volume":"42","author":"F Nevens","year":"1995","unstructured":"F. Nevens, L. Broeckaert, P. Rutgeerts, W. Van Steenbergen, J. Fevery, The long-term morbidity and mortality rate in a cohort of patients with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices. Hepatogastroenterology (1995) 42:979\u2013984.","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"5808_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0901512","volume":"362","author":"G Garcia-Tsao","year":"2010","unstructured":"G. Garcia-Tsao, J. Bosch, Management of varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. N Engl J Med (2010) 362:823\u2013832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra0901512","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5808_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(81)90144-X","volume":"80","author":"DY Graham","year":"1981","unstructured":"D. Y. Graham, J. L. Smith, The course of patients after variceal hemorrhage. Gastroenterology (1981) 80:800\u2013809.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"5808_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2020.04.011","volume":"24","author":"SS Jakab","year":"2020","unstructured":"S. S. Jakab, G. Garcia-Tsao, Evaluation and Management of Esophageal and Gastric Varices in Patients with Cirrhosis. Clin Liver Dis (2020) 24:335\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2020.04.011","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"5808_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.03.025","volume":"88","author":"DC Rockey","year":"2018","unstructured":"D. C. Rockey, Screening for esophageal varices in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc (2018) 88:240\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gie.2018.03.025","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"5808_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-07708-1","volume":"21","author":"J Lim","year":"2021","unstructured":"J. Lim et al., Variceal bleeding is aggravated by portal venous invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma: a matched nested case-control study. BMC Cancer (2021) 21:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-020-07708-1","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"5808_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434609","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/434609","volume":"2013","author":"DH Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"D. H. Kim, J. Y. Park, Prevention and management of variceal hemorrhage. Int J Hepatol (2013) 2013:434609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/434609","journal-title":"Int J Hepatol"},{"key":"5808_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21907","volume":"46","author":"G Garcia-Tsao","year":"2007","unstructured":"G. Garcia-Tsao, A. J. Sanyal, N. D. Grace, W. Carey, Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. Hepatology (2007) 46:922\u2013938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.21907","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"5808_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.33419","volume":"122","author":"DM Jensen","year":"2002","unstructured":"D. M. Jensen, Endoscopic screening for varices in cirrhosis: findings, implications, and outcomes. Gastroenterology (2002) 122:1620\u20131630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/gast.2002.33419","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"5808_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1097\/mcg.0000000000000820","volume":"52","author":"EB Tapper","year":"2018","unstructured":"E. B. Tapper et al., A Multicenter Evaluation of Adherence to 4 Major Elements of the Baveno Guidelines and Outcomes for Patients With Acute Variceal Hemorrhage. J Clin Gastroenterol (2018) 52:172\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mcg.0000000000000820","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"5808_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. W. Wu et al., Baveno VII Criteria Is an Accurate Risk Stratification Tool to Predict High-Risk Varices Requiring Intervention and Hepatic Events in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) (2023) 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15092480","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15092480"},{"key":"5808_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.05.009","volume":"93","author":"M Ronot","year":"2017","unstructured":"M. Ronot, P. Calame, V. Vilgrain, Predictive value of CT for first esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis: Score calibration and prediction. Eur J Radiol (2017) 93:289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.05.009","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"5808_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-020-02585-5","volume":"45","author":"F Salahshour","year":"2020","unstructured":"F. Salahshour et al., Esophageal variceal hemorrhage: the role of MDCT characteristics in predicting the presence of varices and bleeding risk. Abdom Radiol (NY) (2020) 45:2305\u20132314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-020-02585-5","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"5808_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.19.22474","volume":"215","author":"B Manchec","year":"2020","unstructured":"B. Manchec et al., Contrast-Enhanced CT May Identify High-Risk Esophageal Varices in Patients With Cirrhosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol (2020) 215:617\u2013623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/ajr.19.22474","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"5808_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v15.i12.681","volume":"15","author":"A Martino","year":"2023","unstructured":"A. Martino et al., The role of computed tomography for the prediction of esophageal variceal bleeding: Current status and future perspectives. World J Gastrointest Endosc (2023) 15:681\u2013689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4253\/wjge.v15.i12.681","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"5808_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-022-01189-5","volume":"13","author":"S Wan","year":"2022","unstructured":"S. Wan, Y. He, X. Zhang, Y. Wei, B. Song, Quantitative measurements of esophageal varices using computed tomography for prediction of severe varices and the risk of bleeding: a preliminary study. Insights Imaging (2022) 13:47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13244-022-01189-5","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"5808_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.6698\/jrs.202203_47.0001","volume":"47","author":"P-C Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"P.-C. Li, H.-W. Chen, H.-T. Cheng, C.-J. Seak, C.-C. Chen, Predictors of Variceal Bleeding on Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Journal of Radiological Science (2022) 47:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6698\/jrs.202203_47.0001","journal-title":"Journal of Radiological Science"},{"key":"5808_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04058-9","volume":"25","author":"PC Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"P. C. Li, C. C. Chen, Features on contrast-enhanced computed tomography for predicting recurrent esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol (2025) 25:573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04058-9","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"5808_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-17-0339","volume":"77","author":"JJM van Griethuysen","year":"2017","unstructured":"J. J. M. van Griethuysen et al., Computational Radiomics System to Decode the Radiographic Phenotype. Cancer Res (2017) 77:e104\u2013e107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-17-0339","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"5808_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-022-00724-6","volume":"36","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Y. Wang et al., Automated Multimodal Machine Learning for Esophageal Variceal Bleeding Prediction Based on Endoscopy and Structured Data. J Digit Imaging (2023) 36:326\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10278-022-00724-6","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"5808_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-021-10292-6","volume":"16","author":"Y Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Y. Yan et al., A novel machine learning-based radiomic model for diagnosing high bleeding risk esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. Hepatol Int (2022) 16:423\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-021-10292-6","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"5808_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16645","volume":"39","author":"S Malik","year":"2024","unstructured":"S. Malik et al., Systematic review of machine learning models in predicting the risk of bleed\/grade of esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis: A comprehensive methodological analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol (2024) 39:2043\u20132059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.16645","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"5808_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.5870","volume":"18","author":"W Luo","year":"2016","unstructured":"W. Luo et al., Guidelines for Developing and Reporting Machine Learning Predictive Models in Biomedical Research: A Multidisciplinary View. J Med Internet Res (2016) 18:e323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.5870","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"5808_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.12.022","volume":"76","author":"R de Franchis","year":"2022","unstructured":"R. de Franchis, J. Bosch, G. Garcia-Tsao, T. Reiberger, C. Ripoll, Baveno VII - Renewing consensus in portal hypertension. J Hepatol (2022) 76:959\u2013974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.12.022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"5808_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103207","volume":"95","author":"A Diaz-Pinto","year":"2024","unstructured":"A. Diaz-Pinto et al., MONAI Label: A framework for AI-assisted interactive labeling of 3D medical images. Med Image Anal (2024) 95:103207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2024.103207","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"5808_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2012.05.001","volume":"30","author":"A Fedorov","year":"2012","unstructured":"A. Fedorov et al., 3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network. Magn Reson Imaging (2012) 30:1323\u20131341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mri.2012.05.001","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"5808_CR27","first-page":"403","volume-title":"Data mining","author":"IH Witten","year":"2005","unstructured":"I. H. Witten, E. Frank, M. A. Hall, C. J. Pal, M. Data, in Data mining. (Elsevier Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2005), vol. 2, pp. 403\u2013413."}],"container-title":["Abdominal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05808-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05808-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05808-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:02:54Z","timestamp":1792530174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05808-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["5808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-026-05808-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2366-0058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2366-0058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}