{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T16:20:03Z","timestamp":1773332403975,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/18\/M\/NZ6\/00334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/18\/M\/NZ6\/00334"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/14\/E\/NZ6\/00182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/14\/E\/NZ6\/00182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002794","name":"Cancerfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Immunol Immunother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-019-02304-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T10:48:13Z","timestamp":1549450093000},"page":"587-598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Mutations resulting in the formation of hyperactive complement convertases support cytocidal effect of anti-CD20 immunotherapeutics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Felberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Borowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Stasi\u0142oj\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Taszner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Hellmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Blom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2935-2301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Okr\u00f3j","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2304_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70210-2","volume":"11","author":"N Murawski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Murawski N, Pfreundschuh M (2010) New drugs for aggressive B-cell and T-cell lymphomas. Lancet Oncol 11:1074\u20131085","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2304_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2012.10.008","volume":"39","author":"M Okroj","year":"2013","unstructured":"Okroj M, Osterborg A, Blom AM (2013) Effector mechanisms of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in B cell malignancies. Cancer Treat Rev 39:632\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctrv.2012.10.008","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"2304_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2741\/3688","volume":"16","author":"M Winiarska","year":"2010","unstructured":"Winiarska M, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Bil J, Golab J (2010) Molecular mechanisms of the antitumor effects of anti-CD20 antibodies. Front Biosci 16:277\u2013306","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"2304_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3280","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.5.3280","volume":"172","author":"AD Kennedy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kennedy AD, Beum PV, Solga MD, DiLillo DJ, Lindorfer MA, Hess CE, Densmore JJ, Williams ME, Taylor RP (2004) Rituximab infusion promotes rapid complement depletion and acute CD20 loss in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Immunol 172:3280\u20133288","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2304_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302954","volume":"192","author":"NA Baig","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baig NA, Taylor RP, Lindorfer MA, Church AK, LaPlant BR, Pettinger AM, Shanafelt TD, Nowakowski GS, Zent CS (2014) Induced resistance to ofatumumab-mediated cell clearance mechanisms, including complement-dependent cytotoxicity, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Immunol 192:1620\u20131629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1302954","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2304_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2016.02.009","volume":"45","author":"G Stasilojc","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stasilojc G, Osterborg A, Blom AM, Okroj M (2016) New perspectives on complement mediated immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev 45:68\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctrv.2016.02.009","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"2304_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.05.009","volume":"46","author":"D Gancz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gancz D, Fishelson Z (2009) Cancer resistance to complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC): problem-oriented research and development. Mol Immunol 46:2794\u20132800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.05.009","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2304_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2013.169","volume":"27","author":"S Horl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Horl S, Banki Z, Huber G, Ejaz A, Windisch D, Muellauer B, Willenbacher E, Steurer M, Stoiber H (2013) Reduction of complement factor H binding to CLL cells improves the induction of rituximab-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Leukemia 27:2200\u20132208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/leu.2013.169","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2304_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61257-4","volume":"93","author":"MM Glovsky","year":"2004","unstructured":"Glovsky MM, Ward PA, Johnson KJ (2004) Complement determinations in human disease. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 93:513\u2013522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61257-4","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"2304_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3532","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103693","volume":"188","author":"FJ Beurskens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beurskens FJ, Lindorfer MA, Farooqui M, Beum PV, Engelberts P, Mackus WJ, Parren PW, Wiestner A, Taylor RP (2012) Exhaustion of cytotoxic effector systems may limit monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy in cancer patients. J Immunol 188:3532\u20133541","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2304_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04803.x","volume":"1173","author":"A Klepfish","year":"2009","unstructured":"Klepfish A, Gilles L, Ioannis K, Rachmilewitz EA, Schattner A (2009) Enhancing the action of rituximab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by adding fresh frozen plasma: complement\/rituximab interactions and clinical results in refractory CLL. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1173:865\u2013873","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2304_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.114.092684","volume":"86","author":"RP Taylor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taylor RP, Lindorfer MA (2014) Analyses of CD20 monoclonal antibody-mediated tumor cell killing mechanisms: rational design of dosing strategies. Mol Pharmacol 86:485\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/mol.114.092684","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2304_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-10-569244","volume":"125","author":"RP Taylor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Taylor RP, Lindorfer MA (2015) Fcgamma-receptor-mediated trogocytosis impacts mAb-based therapies: historical precedence and recent developments. Blood 125:762\u2013766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2014-10-569244","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2304_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-01-0039","volume":"104","author":"JL Teeling","year":"2004","unstructured":"Teeling JL, French RR, Cragg MS et al (2004) Characterization of new human CD20 monoclonal antibodies with potent cytolytic activity against non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Blood 104:1793\u20131800","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2304_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-013-0759-5","volume":"30","author":"M Okroj","year":"2013","unstructured":"Okroj M, Eriksson I, Osterborg A, Blom AM (2013) Killing of CLL and NHL cells by rituximab and ofatumumab under limited availability of complement. Med Oncol 30:759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12032-013-0759-5","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"2304_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2005.09.008","volume":"30","author":"K Takei","year":"2006","unstructured":"Takei K, Yamazaki T, Sawada U, Ishizuka H, Aizawa S (2006) Analysis of changes in CD20, CD55, and CD59 expression on established rituximab-resistant B-lymphoma cell lines. Leukemia Res 30:625\u2013631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.leukres.2005.09.008","journal-title":"Leukemia Res"},{"key":"2304_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3900","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.12.3900","volume":"95","author":"J Golay","year":"2000","unstructured":"Golay J, Zaffaroni L, Vaccari T, Lazzari M, Borleri GM, Bernasconi S, Tedesco F, Rambaldi A, Introna M (2000) Biologic response of B lymphoma cells to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in vitro: CD55 and CD59 regulate complement-mediated cell lysis. Blood 95:3900\u20133908","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2304_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.185","volume":"29","author":"P Macor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Macor P, Secco E, Mezzaroba N et al (2015) Bispecific antibodies targeting tumor-associated antigens and neutralizing complement regulators increase the efficacy of antibody-based immunotherapy in mice. Leukemia 29:406\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/leu.2014.185","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2304_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e979688","DOI":"10.4161\/2162402X.2014.979688","volume":"4","author":"S Mamidi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mamidi S, Hone S, Teufel C, Sellner L, Zenz T, Kirschfink M (2015) Neutralization of membrane complement regulators improves complement-dependent effector functions of therapeutic anticancer antibodies targeting leukemic cells. Oncoimmunology 4:e979688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/2162402X.2014.979688","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"2304_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603420103","volume":"104","author":"E Goicoechea de Jorge","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goicoechea de Jorge E, Harris CL, Esparza-Gordillo J et al (2007) Gain-of-function mutations in complement factor B are associated with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:240\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0603420103","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2304_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.63","volume":"82","author":"A Servais","year":"2012","unstructured":"Servais A, Noel LH, Roumenina LT et al (2012) Acquired and genetic complement abnormalities play a critical role in dense deposit disease and other C3 glomerulopathies. Kidney Int 82:454\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2012.63","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2304_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52386","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304620200","volume":"278","author":"LA Kuttner-Kondo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kuttner-Kondo LA, Dybvig MP, Mitchell LM, Muqim N, Atkinson JP, Medof ME, Hourcade DE (2003) A corresponding tyrosine residue in the C2\/factor B type A domain is a hot spot in the decay acceleration of the complement C3 convertases. J Biol Chem 278:52386\u201352391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M304620200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2304_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/08916934.2017.1423286","volume":"51","author":"A Urban","year":"2018","unstructured":"Urban A, Borowska A, Felberg A, van den Heuvel L, Stasilojc G, Volokhina E, Okroj M (2018) Gain of function mutant of complement factor B K323E mimics pathogenic C3NeF autoantibodies in convertase assays. Autoimmunity 51:18\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08916934.2017.1423286","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2304_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47245","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047245","volume":"7","author":"M Okroj","year":"2012","unstructured":"Okroj M, Holmquist E, King BC, Blom AM (2012) Functional analyses of complement convertases using C3 and C5-depleted sera. PLoS One 7:e47245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0047245","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2304_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12388","volume":"178","author":"AM Blom","year":"2014","unstructured":"Blom AM, Volokhina EB, Fransson V et al (2014) A novel method for direct measurement of complement convertases activity in human serum. Clin Exp Immunol 178:142\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cei.12388","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2304_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.5.2906","volume":"162","author":"DE Hourcade","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hourcade DE, Mitchell LM, Oglesby TJ (1999) Mutations of the type A domain of complement factor B that promote high-affinity C3b-binding. J Immunol 162:2906\u20132911","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2304_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv054","volume":"30","author":"H Imamura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Imamura H, Konomoto T, Tanaka E, Hisano S, Yoshida Y, Fujimura Y, Miyata T, Nunoi H (2015) Familial C3 glomerulonephritis associated with mutations in the gene for complement factor B. Nephrol Dial Transplant 30:862\u2013864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfv054","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2304_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000155","volume":"69","author":"F Vaziri-Sani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vaziri-Sani F, Holmberg L, Sjoholm AG, Kristoffersson AC, Manea M, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Fehrman-Ekholm I, Raafat R, Karpman D (2006) Phenotypic expression of factor H mutations in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Kidney Int 69:981\u2013988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ki.5000155","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2304_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.12.005","volume":"33","author":"M Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee M, Guo JP, Schwab C, McGeer EG, McGeer PL (2012) Selective inhibition of the membrane attack complex of complement by low molecular weight components of the aurin tricarboxylic acid synthetic complex. Neurobiol Aging 33:2237\u20132246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.12.005","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2304_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.146","author":"O Middleton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Middleton O, Cosimo E, Dobbin E, McCaig AM, Clarke C, Brant AM, Leach MT, Michie AM, Wheadon H (2014) Complement deficiencies limit CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment efficacy in CLL. Leukemia. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/leu.2014.146","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2304_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0179841","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179841","volume":"12","author":"MT Winkler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Winkler MT, Bushey RT, Gottlin EB, Campa MJ, Guadalupe ES, Volkheimer AD, Weinberg JB, Patz EF Jr. (2017) Enhanced CDC of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells mediated by rituximab combined with a novel anti-complement factor H antibody. PLoS One 12:e0179841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0179841","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2304_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa075290","volume":"359","author":"AC Rawstron","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rawstron AC, Bennett FL, O\u2019Connor SJ et al (2008) Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 359:575\u2013583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa075290","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2304_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1080\/10245332.2018.1444563","volume":"23","author":"SI Kokoris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kokoris SI, Gavriilaki E, Miari A, Travlou A, Kyriakou E, Anagnostopoulos A, Grouzi E (2018) Renal involvement in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: an update on clinical features, pathophysiology and treatment. Hematology 23:558\u2013566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10245332.2018.1444563","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"2304_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-03-489245","volume":"122","author":"M Frimat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frimat M, Tabarin F, Dimitrov JD, Poitou C, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Roumenina LT (2013) Complement activation by heme as a secondary hit for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Blood 122:282\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2013-03-489245","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2304_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7199","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-0682","volume":"13","author":"ME Couch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Couch ME, Ferris RL, Brennan JA, Koch WM, Jaffee EM, Leibowitz MS, Nepom GT, Erlich HA, Sidransky D (2007) Alteration of cellular and humoral immunity by mutant p53 protein and processed mutant peptide in head and neck cancer. Clin Cancer Res 13:7199\u20137206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-0682","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00262-019-02304-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00262-019-02304-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00262-019-02304-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T12:17:28Z","timestamp":1694607448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00262-019-02304-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00262-019-02304-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-7004","1432-0851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-7004","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 July 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Anna Felberg, Aleksandra Urban and Marcin Okr\u00f3j are named as inventors in patent application: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) ST 10\/C PL425133 \u201cPoint mutations in complement C2 protein and complement factor B enhancing the cytotoxic activity of antitumour antibodies, their pharmaceutical composition and application\u201d. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Local Bioethical Committee at Medical University of Gda\u0144sk and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Local Bioethical Committee at Medical University of Gda\u0144sk granted ethical approval for this study (Approval number: Agreement no. NKBBN\/500\/2016).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Every participant was provided with an information sheet and consent form to be signed both by the participant and the person taking consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Ramos, Daudi, SU-DHL-8 and WSU-NHL cells were obtained from German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures. Namalwa and BJAB cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. All cell lines were aliquoted and cryopreserved after the first few passages. Cells used for experiments were grown from such stock aliquots, routinely checked for <i>Mycoplasma<\/i> infection when cultured and never kept in continuous culture for more than ten passages.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Cell line authentication"}}]}}