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The aim of this study was to establish a workflow for automated MRI-based segmentation of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) and lean tissue water (LTW) in a B16 melanoma animal model, monitor diseases progression and transfer the protocol to human melanoma patients for therapy assessment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For in vivo monitoring of CC B16 melanoma-bearing and healthy mice underwent longitudinal three-point DIXON MRI (days 3, 12, 17 after subcutaneous tumor inoculation). In a prospective clinical study, 18 metastatic melanoma patients underwent MRI before, 2 and 12\u00a0weeks after onset of checkpoint inhibitor therapy (CIT; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916). We employed an in-house MATLAB script for automated whole-body segmentation for detection of VAT, SCAT and LTW.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>B16 mice exhibited a CC phenotype and developed a reduced VAT volume compared to baseline (B16 \u2212\u00a0249.8\u00a0\u00b5l, \u2212 25%; controls\u2009+\u200985.3\u00a0\u00b5l,\u2009+\u200910%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) and to healthy controls. LTW was increased in controls compared to melanoma mice. Five melanoma patients responded to CIT, 7 progressed, and 6 displayed a mixed response. Responding patients exhibited a very limited variability in VAT and SCAT in contrast to others. Interestingly, the LTW was decreased in CIT responding patients (\u2212\u20093.02%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.67%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0034) but increased in patients with progressive disease (+\u20091.97%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.19%) and mixed response (+\u20094.59%\u2009\u00b1\u20093.71%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>MRI-based segmentation of fat and water contents adds essential additional information for monitoring the development of CC in mice and metastatic melanoma patients during CIT or other treatment approaches.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-020-02765-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T04:56:21Z","timestamp":1604206581000},"page":"1263-1275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Noninvasive, longitudinal imaging-based analysis of body adipose tissue and water composition in a melanoma mouse model and in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated metastatic melanoma patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0796-780X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang M.","family":"Thaiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergios","family":"Gatidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Sartorius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Machann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas K.","family":"Eigentler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Nikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd J.","family":"Pichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9119-1970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manfred","family":"Kneilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2765_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(10)70218-7","volume":"12","author":"K Fearon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, Jatoi A, Loprinzi C, MacDonald N, Mantovani G, Davis M, Muscaritoli M, Ottery F, Radbruch L, Ravasco P, Walsh D, Wilcock A, Kaasa S, Baracos VE (2011) Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. 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S.G. declares that he has no conflicts of interest. T.S. declares that she has no conflicts of interest. J.M. declares that he has no conflicts of interest. A.P. declares that he has no conflicts of interest. T.K.E. declares that he has no conflicts of interest. K.N. declares that he has no conflicts of interest. B.J.P. receives grant\/research support from: AstraZeneca, Bayer Healthcare, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bruker, Oncodesign, Merck and Siemens; however, none of the grants are directly related to this work. M.K. declares that he has no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All animal experiments were performed according to the German Animal Protection Law with permission from the local authorities (Regierungspr\u00e4sidium T\u00fcbingen, Germany). The clinical study was approved by the appropriate local ethics committee and has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All participants obtained an informed consent of the study prior to treatment. Informed consent included the written permission to use the tumor samples of the patients included in the study for research purposes.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research involving human participants and animals"}}]}}