{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:17:23Z","timestamp":1793139443134,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619308800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81970180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81800105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81800105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17JCZDJC35800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17JCZDJC35800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Key Support Program","award":["20YFZCSY00800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20YFZCSY00800"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin first center hospital","award":["CM201807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CM201807"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Immunol Immunother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The persistence or recurrence of minimal residual disease (MRD) after chemotherapy predicts relapse of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T (CD19 CAR-T) cells have shown promising responses in B-ALL. However, their role in chemotherapy-refractory MRD-positive B-ALL remains unclear. Here we aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of CD19 CAR-T cells in MRD-positive B-ALL patients. From January 2018, a total of 14 MRD-positive B-ALL patients received one or more infusions of autogenous CD19 CAR-T cells. Among them, 12 patients achieved MRD-negative remission after one cycle of CAR-T infusion. At a median follow-up time of 647\u00a0days (range 172\u2013945\u00a0days), the 2-year event-free survival rate in MRD-positive patients was 61.2%\u2009\u00b1\u200914.0% and the 2-year overall survival was 78.6\u2009\u00b1\u200911.0%, which were significantly higher than patients with active disease (blasts\u2009\u2265\u20095% or with extramedullary disease). Moreover, patients with MRD had a lower grade of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) than patients with active disease. However, the peak expansion of CAR-T cells in MRD positive patients showed no statistical difference compared to patients with active disease. Five patients received two or more CAR-T cell infusions and these patients showed a decreased peak expansion of CAR-T cell in subsequent infusions. In conclusion, pre-emptive CD19 CAR-T cell treatment is an effective and safe approach and may confer sustained remission in B-ALL patients with chemotherapy-refractory MRD. The trials were registered at\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\">www.chictr.org.cn<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    as ChiCTR-ONN-16009862 (November 14, 2016) and ChiCTR1800015164 (March 11, 2018).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-021-02941-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T13:02:42Z","timestamp":1619355762000},"page":"3501-3511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["CD19 CAR-T cell treatment conferred sustained remission in B-ALL patients with minimal residual disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3975-6636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenyi","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxiong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hairong","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yili","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanxia","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5995-7558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingfeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2941_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.201053","volume":"104","author":"R Bassan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bassan R, Bruggemann M, Radcliffe HS, Hartfield E, Kreuzbauer G, Wetten S (2019) A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of minimal residual disease as a prognostic indicator in adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 104(10):2028\u20132039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3324\/haematol.2018.201053","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"3","key":"2941_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-07-037093","volume":"109","author":"T Raff","year":"2007","unstructured":"Raff T, Gokbuget N, Luschen S, Reutzel R, Ritgen M, Irmer S, Bottcher S, Horst HA, Kneba M, Hoelzer D, Bruggemann M, Group GS (2007) Molecular relapse in adult standard-risk ALL patients detected by prospective MRD monitoring during and after maintenance treatment: data from the GMALL 06\/99 and 07\/03 trials. Blood 109(3):910\u2013915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2006-07-037093","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"16","key":"2941_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215134","volume":"368","author":"SA Grupp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grupp SA, Kalos M, Barrett D, Aplenc R, Porter DL, Rheingold SR, Teachey DT, Chew A, Hauck B, Wright JF, Milone MC, Levine BL, June CH (2013) Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for acute lymphoid leukemia. N Engl J Med 368(16):1509\u20131518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1215134","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2941_CR4","first-page":"802","volume":"14","author":"ML Davila","year":"2016","unstructured":"Davila ML, Brentjens RJ (2016) CD19-Targeted CAR T cells as novel cancer immunotherapy for relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 14(10):802\u2013808","journal-title":"Clin Adv Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2941_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0437-5","volume":"33","author":"X He","year":"2019","unstructured":"He X, Xiao X, Li Q, Jiang Y, Cao Y, Sun R, Jin X, Yuan T, Meng J, Ma L, Lu W, Lyu C, Liu K, Zhao M (2019) Anti-CD19 CAR-T as a feasible and safe treatment against central nervous system leukemia after intrathecal chemotherapy in adults with relapsed or refractory B-ALL [letter]. Leukemia 33(8):2102\u20132104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41375-019-0437-5","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"5","key":"2941_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709866","volume":"378","author":"SL Maude","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maude SL, Laetsch TW, Buechner J, Rives S, Boyer M, Bittencourt H, Bader P, Verneris MR, Stefanski HE, Myers GD, Qayed M, De Moerloose B, Hiramatsu H, Schlis K, Davis KL, Martin PL, Nemecek ER, Yanik GA, Peters C, Baruchel A, Boissel N, Mechinaud F, Balduzzi A, Krueger J, June CH, Levine BL, Wood P, Taran T, Leung M, Mueller KT, Zhang Y, Sen K, Lebwohl D, Pulsipher MA, Grupp SA (2018) Tisagenlecleucel in children and young adults with B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 378(5):439\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1709866","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2941_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709919","volume":"378","author":"JH Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park JH, Riviere I, Gonen M, Wang X, Senechal B, Curran KJ, Sauter C, Wang Y, Santomasso B, Mead E, Roshal M, Maslak P, Davila M, Brentjens RJ, Sadelain M (2018) Long-term follow-up of CD19 CAR therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 378(5):449\u2013459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1709919","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2941_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee DW, III, Stetler-Stevenson M, Yuan CM, Shah NN, Delbrook C, Yates B, Zhang H, Zhang L, Kochenderfer JN, Rosenberg SA, Fry TJ, Stroncek D, Mackall CL (2016) Long-term outcomes following CD19 CAR T cell therapy for B-ALL are superior in patients receiving a fludarabine\/cyclophosphamide preparative regimen and post-car hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [abstract]. Blood 128 (22): Abstract 218","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.218.218"},{"issue":"1","key":"2941_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2018.12.006","volume":"5","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheng Y, Chen Y, Yan C, Wang Y, Zhao X, Chen Y, Han W, Xu L, Zhang X, Liu K, Wang S, Chang L, Xiao L, Huang X (2019) Donor-derived CD19-targeted T cell infusion eliminates B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia minimal residual disease with no response to donor lymphocytes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Engineering 5(1):150\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eng.2018.12.006","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"2941_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-05-552729","volume":"124","author":"DW Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee DW, Gardner R, Porter DL, Louis CU, Ahmed N, Jensen M, Grupp SA, Mackall CL (2014) Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of cytokine release syndrome. Blood 124(2):188\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2014-05-552729","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"2941_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.148","volume":"15","author":"SS Neelapu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neelapu SS, Tummala S, Kebriaei P, Wierda W, Gutierrez C, Locke FL, Komanduri KV, Lin Y, Jain N, Daver N, Westin J, Gulbis AM, Loghin ME, de Groot JF, Adkins S, Davis SE, Rezvani K, Hwu P, Shpall EJ (2018) Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy\u2014assessment and management of toxicities. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 15(1):47\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.148","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2941_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0610-x","volume":"34","author":"X Jin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jin X, Cao Y, Wang L, Sun R, Cheng L, He X, Xiao X, Jiang Y, Li Q, Zhang H, Lu W, Lyu C, Jiang Y, Meng J, Zhao M (2020) HLA-matched and HLA-haploidentical allogeneic CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell infusions are feasible in relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [letter]. Leukemia 34(3):909\u2013913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41375-019-0610-x","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2941_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008226","author":"ML Davila","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davila ML, Riviere I, Wang X, Bartido S, Park J, Curran K, Chung SS, Stefanski J, Borquez-Ojeda O, Olszewska M, Qu J, Wasielewska T, He Q, Fink M, Shinglot H, Youssif M, Satter M, Wang Y, Hosey J, Quintanilla H, Halton E, Bernal Y, Bouhassira DC, Arcila ME, Gonen M, Roboz GJ, Maslak P, Douer D, Frattini MG, Giralt S, Sadelain M, Brentjens R (2014) Efficacy and toxicity management of 19\u201328z CAR T cell therapy in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci Transl Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008226","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2941_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu SY, Deng BP, PAN J, Yin ZC, Lin YH, Ling ZJ, Wu T, Gao ZY, Song YZ, Zhao YQ, Tong CR (2019) Corticosteroids do not influence the efficacy and kinetics of CAR-T cells for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia [Abstract]. Blood 134 (Supplement_1): Abstract 228","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-123051"},{"key":"2941_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005930","author":"RJ Brentjens","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brentjens RJ, Davila ML, Riviere I, Park J, Wang X, Cowell LG, Bartido S, Stefanski J, Taylor C, Olszewska M, Borquez-Ojeda O, Qu J, Wasielewska T, He Q, Bernal Y, Rijo IV, Hedvat C, Kobos R, Curran K, Steinherz P, Jurcic J, Rosenblat T, Maslak P, Frattini M, Sadelain M (2013) CD19-targeted T cells rapidly induce molecular remissions in adults with chemotherapy-refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci Transl Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005930","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"2941_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4017","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-12-580068","volume":"125","author":"SL Maude","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maude SL, Teachey DT, Porter DL, Grupp SA (2015) CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 125(26):4017\u20134023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2014-12-580068","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"2941_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-018-3246-4","volume":"97","author":"G Wei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wei G, Hu Y, Pu C, Yu J, Luo Y, Shi J, Cui Q, Wu W, Wang J, Xiao L, Wu Z, Huang H (2018) CD19 targeted CAR-T therapy versus chemotherapy in re-induction treatment of refractory\/relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of a case-controlled study. Ann Hematol 97(5):781\u2013789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-018-3246-4","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"9967","key":"2941_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61729-3","volume":"385","author":"PJ Amrolia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amrolia PJ, Pule M (2015) Chimeric antigen receptor T cells for ALL. Lancet 385(9967):488\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61729-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2941_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2020.06.016","volume":"18","author":"X Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao X, Yang J, Zhang X, Lu XA, Xiong M, Zhang J, Zhou X, Qi F, He T, Ding Y, Hu X, De Smet F, Lu P, Huang X (2020) Efficacy and safety of CD28- or 4\u20131BB-based CD19 CAR-T cells in B Cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Ther Oncol 18:272\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omto.2020.06.016","journal-title":"Mol Ther Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2941_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020001466","volume":"4","author":"X Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang X, Lu XA, Yang J, Zhang G, Li J, Song L, Su Y, Shi Y, Zhang M, He J, Song D, Lv F, Li W, Wu Y, Wang H, Liu H, Zhou X, He T, Lu P (2020) Efficacy and safety of anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy in 110 patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with high-risk features. Blood Adv 4(10):2325\u20132338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020001466","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"13","key":"2941_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2017-0072","volume":"9","author":"J Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu J, Zhang X, Zhong JF, Zhang C (2017) CAR-T cells and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed\/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Immunotherapy 9(13):1115\u20131125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/imt-2017-0072","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"2941_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-021-04451-w","volume":"100","author":"L Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu L, Charwudzi A, Li Q, Zhu W, Tao Q, Xiong S, Zhai Z (2021) Anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy bridge to HSCT decreases the relapse rate and improves the long-term survival of R\/R B-ALL patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Hematol 100(4):1003\u20131012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-021-04451-w","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2941_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25417","volume":"94","author":"XS Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao XS, Liu YR, Xu LP, Wang Y, Zhang XH, Chen H, Chen YH, Han W, Sun YQ, Yan CH, Mo XD, Wang YZ, Fan QZ, Wang XY, Liu KY, Huang XJ, Chang YJ (2019) Minimal residual disease status determined by multiparametric flow cytometry pretransplantation predicts the outcome of patients with ALL receiving unmanipulated haploidentical allografts. Am J Hematol 94(5):512\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.25417","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2941_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2018-0089","volume":"11","author":"J Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu J, Zhang X, Zhong JF, Zhang C (2019) Use of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Immunotherapy 11(1):37\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/imt-2018-0089","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"issue":"10","key":"2941_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2016.097","volume":"27","author":"ML Schubert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schubert ML, Huckelhoven A, Hoffmann JM, Schmitt A, Wuchter P, Sellner L, Hofmann S, Ho AD, Dreger P, Schmitt M (2016) Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy targeting CD19-positive leukemia and lymphoma in the context of stem cell transplantation. Hum Gene Ther 27(10):758\u2013771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/hum.2016.097","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"issue":"18","key":"2941_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-11-185132","volume":"113","author":"R Bassan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bassan R, Spinelli O, Oldani E, Intermesoli T, Tosi M, Peruta B, Rossi G, Borlenghi E, Pogliani EM, Terruzzi E, Fabris P, Cassibba V, Lambertenghi-Deliliers G, Cortelezzi A, Bosi A, Gianfaldoni G, Ciceri F, Bernardi M, Gallamini A, Mattei D, Di Bona E, Romani C, Scattolin AM, Barbui T, Rambaldi A (2009) Improved risk classification for risk-specific therapy based on the molecular study of minimal residual disease (MRD) in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Blood 113(18):4153\u20134162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2008-11-185132","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"14","key":"2941_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-08-798322","volume":"131","author":"N Gokbuget","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gokbuget N, Dombret H, Bonifacio M, Reichle A, Graux C, Faul C, Diedrich H, Topp MS, Bruggemann M, Horst HA, Havelange V, Stieglmaier J, Wessels H, Haddad V, Benjamin JE, Zugmaier G, Nagorsen D, Bargou RC (2018) Blinatumomab for minimal residual disease in adults with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 131(14):1522\u20131531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2017-08-798322","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"2941_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-2337","volume":"25","author":"EY Jen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jen EY, Xu Q, Schetter A, Przepiorka D, Shen YL, Roscoe D, Sridhara R, Deisseroth A, Philip R, Farrell AT, Pazdur R (2019) FDA approval: blinatumomab for patients with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in morphologic remission with minimal residual disease. Clin Cancer Res 25(2):473\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-2337","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"25","key":"2941_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6521","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-05-351403","volume":"118","author":"R Foa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Foa R, Vitale A, Vignetti M, Meloni G, Guarini A, De Propris MS, Elia L, Paoloni F, Fazi P, Cimino G, Nobile F, Ferrara F, Castagnola C, Sica S, Leoni P, Zuffa E, Fozza C, Luppi M, Candoni A, Iacobucci I, Soverini S, Mandelli F, Martinelli G, Baccarani M, Party GALW (2011) Dasatinib as first-line treatment for adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 118(25):6521\u20136528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2011-05-351403","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"9","key":"2941_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1609783","volume":"376","author":"H Kantarjian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kantarjian H, Stein A, Gokbuget N, Fielding AK, Schuh AC, Ribera JM, Wei A, Dombret H, Foa R, Bassan R, Arslan O, Sanz MA, Bergeron J, Demirkan F, Lech-Maranda E, Rambaldi A, Thomas X, Horst HA, Bruggemann M, Klapper W, Wood BL, Fleishman A, Nagorsen D, Holland C, Zimmerman Z, Topp MS (2017) Blinatumomab versus chemotherapy for advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 376(9):836\u2013847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1609783","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2941_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2019.02.009","volume":"79","author":"AC King","year":"2019","unstructured":"King AC, Pappacena JJ, Tallman MS, Park JH, Geyer MB (2019) Blinatumomab administered concurrently with oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy is a well-tolerated consolidation strategy and eradicates measurable residual disease in adults with Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 79:27\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.leukres.2019.02.009","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2941_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1379","volume":"25","author":"X Xiao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiao X, He X, Li Q, Zhang H, Meng J, Jiang Y, Deng Q, Zhao M (2019) Plasma Exchange can be an alternative therapeutic modality for severe cytokine release syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor-T cell infusion: a case report. Clin Cancer Res 25(1):29\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1379","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2941_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI85309","volume":"126","author":"CJ Turtle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Turtle CJ, Hanafi LA, Berger C, Gooley TA, Cherian S, Hudecek M, Sommermeyer D, Melville K, Pender B, Budiarto TM, Robinson E, Steevens NN, Chaney C, Soma L, Chen X, Yeung C, Wood B, Li D, Cao J, Heimfeld S, Jensen MC, Riddell SR, Maloney DG (2016) CD19 CAR-T cells of defined CD4+:CD8+ composition in adult B cell ALL patients. J Clin Investig 126(6):2123\u20132138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI85309","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"}],"container-title":["Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00262-021-02941-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00262-021-02941-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00262-021-02941-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T12:03:33Z","timestamp":1636113813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00262-021-02941-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00262-021-02941-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-7004","1432-0851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-7004","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All participants were provided informed consent for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and material"}},{"value":"The trials were approved by the ethics commission of Tianjin first center hospital.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All participants were provided written informed consent to participate in this study.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}