{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:42:36Z","timestamp":1792190556214,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010355","name":"Hellenic Society of Medical Oncology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010355","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group","award":["TR21\/AI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR21\/AI"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Immunol Immunother"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>Data on the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with concurrent autoimmune diseases (AID) are limited.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>We performed a retrospective multicenter review of medical records of patients with cancer and underlying AID who received ICI. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS).<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>Among 123 patients with pre-existing AID who received ICI, the majority had been diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, 68.3%) and melanoma (14.6%). Most patients had a rheumatologic (43.9%), or an endocrine disorder (21.1%). Overall, 74 (60.2%) patients experienced an immune-related adverse event (irAE) after ICI initiation, AID flare (25.2%), or new irAE (35%). Frequent irAEs included thyroiditis, dermatitis and colitis. ICI was permanently discontinued due to unacceptable (8.1%) or fatal (0.8%) toxicity. In patients with NSCLC, corticosteroid treatment at the initiation of immunotherapy was associated with poor PFS (HR\u2009=\u20092.78, 95% CI 1.40\u20135.50, <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.003). The occurrence of irAE was associated with increased PFS (HR\u2009=\u20090.48, 95% CI 0.25\u20130.92, <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.026). Both parameters maintained their independent prognostic significance.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>ICI in patients with cancer and pre-existing AID is associated with manageable toxicity that infrequently requires treatment discontinuation. However, since severe AID flare might occur, expected ICI efficacy and toxicity must be balanced.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>Clinical trial identifier<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>NCT04805099<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-021-02985-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T16:02:31Z","timestamp":1624464151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Real-world safety and efficacy data of immunotherapy in patients with cancer and autoimmune disease: the experience of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology 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Speaker fees: Roche, Pfizer, AstraZeneca. Stock ownership: GENPREX INC, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Travel grant: Merck, Pfizer, and K.A.M Oncology\/Hematology and DEMO. AK: Advisory Role: Genesis Pharma. Honoraria: Pfizer. Speaker\u2019s bureau: Roche. Research Funding: Merck. Travel: MSD. AK: educational grants: Novartis, Pfizer, Merck, Roche, BMS, MSD, Genesis, and Ipsen. AP: Consultation Fees: Amgen, Merck Serono, Roche, BMS, AstraZeneca, MSD. Honoraria: Amgen, Merck Serono, Roche, BMS, AstraZeneca, MSD. Research funds: BMS, Kura. GM: Honoraria\/Consultancy: AstraZeneca, Roche, Pfizer, BMS, MSD, Takeda, Boehringer, Merck, Novartis, Amgen,\u00a0Travel Fees: AstraZeneca, Roche, Pfizer, BMS, MSD, Takeda, Boehringer, Merck, Novartis, Astellas, Pierre Fabre. AK: Consulting or advisory role: Amgen, Roche, BMS, AstraZeneca,\u00a0MSD, IPSEN. AN: Advisory Board and Speaker fees: Pfizer, Novartis. GF: Advisory Board of Pfizer, Novartis and Roche. Honoraria from AstraZeneca, Genprex stock, Daiichi Sankyo stock. ARIAD stock. RFL Holdings. FORMYCON. HG: Advisory Role: Bristol-Myers Squibb, MSD Oncology, Amgen, Novartis, Roche, Pierre Fabre, Honoraria: Bristol-Myers Squibb, MSD Oncology, Roche, Amgen, Novartis, Research Funding: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, MSD Oncology, Travel: Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb. The rest of the authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of \u201cG. Papanikolaou\u201d General Hospital (protocol number: 339_4\/3\/2021).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All authors have agreed to participate in this article and have given their consent for publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}