{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T10:13:22Z","timestamp":1776334402926,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001661","name":"Ruprecht-Karls-Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Immunol Immunother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To date, few data are available regarding Adverse events (AEs) in cancer patients who are vaccinated for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) while being actively treated with Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We aimed to assess the safety of COVID-19 vaccines approved in Germany. Specifically, we investigated the frequency of general side effects and immune-related AEs of COVID-19 vaccination. A triage survey was used to collect the following information for patients with metastatic skin cancer: vaccine type, date of receipt of each dose of vaccine, and self-reported side effects. Clinical data were retrieved from the patients\u2019 medical records. Of 130 patients with metastatic skin cancer, 89 patients were on immunotherapy and received COVID-19 vaccination. Of these 89 patients (median age: 64\u00a0years; 57 [64%] men), 89% had melanoma, and 71% received ICI therapy with a PD-1 antibody. Eighty-eight percent received an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination. The median follow-up time was 125\u00a0days after the first vaccination, and 84\u00a0days after the second. The most common observed side effects were mild to moderate pain at the injection site (40%), followed by fatigue (24%). Grade 3 irAEs were reported in eight patients, seven of whom were on nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination treatment. Of the 19 patients vaccinated within 72\u00a0h before\/after ICI, five developed irAEs within 17\u00a0days (1\u201317\u00a0days). This small cohort study suggests that approved COVID-19 vaccinations are safe for use in cancer patients receiving ICIs. However, some precautions should be taken, especially regarding the timing of vaccination and ICI treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-021-03133-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T07:03:09Z","timestamp":1640242989000},"page":"2051-2056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Immune-related adverse events of COVID-19 vaccination in skin cancer patients receiving immune-checkpoint inhibitor treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3127-5643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia B.","family":"Strobel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devayani","family":"Machiraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina A.","family":"K\u00e4lber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica C.","family":"Hassel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"3133_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-021-00677-3","volume":"44","author":"H Nakagami","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nakagami H, Hayashi H, Shimamura M, Rakugi H, Morishita R (2021) Therapeutic vaccine for chronic diseases after the COVID-19 Era. Hypertension Res 44(9):1047\u20131053","journal-title":"Hypertension Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3133_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e182","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2020-0572","volume":"26","author":"KA Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee KA, Ma W, Sikavi DR et al (2021) Cancer and Risk of COVID-19 Through a General Community Survey. Oncol 26(1):e182\u2013e185","journal-title":"Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3133_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-1817","volume":"11","author":"A Ribas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ribas A, Sengupta R, Locke T et al (2021) Priority COVID-19 Vaccination for Patients with Cancer while Vaccine Supply Is Limited. Cancer Discov 11(2):233\u2013236","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"6","key":"3133_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-0422","volume":"10","author":"M Dai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dai M, Liu D, Liu M et al (2020) Patients with Cancer Appear More Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2: A Multicenter Study during the COVID-19 Outbreak. Cancer Discov 10(6):783\u2013791","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"3133_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0160-6","volume":"6","author":"M Ramos-Casals","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramos-Casals M, Brahmer JR, Callahan MK et al (2020) Immune-related adverse events of checkpoint inhibitors. Nat Rev Dis Primers 6(1):38","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"5","key":"3133_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00155-8","volume":"22","author":"B Waissengrin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Waissengrin B, Agbarya A, Safadi E, Padova H, Wolf I (2021) Short-term safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Lancet Oncol 22(5):581\u2013583","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3133_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01099-x","volume":"14","author":"E Terpos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Terpos E, Zagouri F, Liontos M et al (2021) Low titers of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies after first vaccination dose in cancer patients receiving checkpoint inhibitors. J Hematol Oncol 14(1):86","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3133_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00213-8","volume":"22","author":"L Monin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Monin L, Laing AG, Mu\u00f1oz-Ruiz M et al (2021) Safety and immunogenicity of one versus two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 for patients with cancer: interim analysis of a prospective observational study. Lancet Oncol 22(6):765\u2013767","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3133_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01387-6","volume":"27","author":"L Au","year":"2021","unstructured":"Au L, Fendler A, Shepherd STC et al (2021) Cytokine release syndrome in a patient with colorectal cancer after vaccination with BNT162b2. 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New England J Med 383(23):2255\u20132273","journal-title":"New England J Med"}],"container-title":["Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00262-021-03133-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00262-021-03133-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00262-021-03133-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T16:24:03Z","timestamp":1658161443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00262-021-03133-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["3133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00262-021-03133-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-7004","1432-0851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-7004","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"DM declares no conflict of interest. SBS received honoraria from BMS and Sunpharma. KAK received honoraria from Sunpharma. JCH has received honoraria from BMS, MSD, Novartis, Roche, Pierre Fabre, Sanofi, Almirall; Consultant or Advisory Role: MSD, Pierre Fabre, Sun pharma; Research funding: BMS; Travel support: Pierre Fabre. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of University Heidelberg (S-454\/2015) and all the procedures being performed were part of routine care.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}