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Three cases of hematological neoplasia following ICI for solid tumors have been reported to date. We present five patients treated at our tertiary referral center between 2017 and 2021 who developed chronic myeloid leukemia (two patients), acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic eosinophilic leukemia during or after anti-PD-1-based treatment. Molecular analyses were performed on pre-ICI samples to identify baseline variants in myeloid genes. We hypothesize that PD-1 blockade might accelerate progression to overt myeloid malignancies and discuss potential underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-022-03230-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T03:29:52Z","timestamp":1655090992000},"page":"249-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Hematologic malignancies following immune checkpoint inhibition for solid tumors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9763-6704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mick J. 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All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}