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But, selecting patients who will achieve long-term benefits from treatment remains unsatisfactory. Here, we investigated the possible use of the soluble form of CD8 antigen (sCD8) in predicting durable disease control after PD-1\/PD-L1 blockade. CD8 is a marker of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Its soluble form (sCD8) is secreted under activation of the immune system but also has immunosuppressive properties. The data about serum sCD8 in patients dosed with anti-PD-1\/PD-L1 drugs are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We included 42 NSCLC patients and collected samples at baseline and for the first 3\u00a0months of atezolizumab immunotherapy. The serum sCD8 concentrations were measured with the ELISA kit and correlated with treatment outcomes. Patients with durable (\u2265\u200912\u00a0months) disease control presented lower serum sCD8 than those without long-term benefits. The sCD8 levels measured at the end of cycle 2 (sCD8.2) were the earliest time point that successfully differentiated patients (3.76 vs. 9.68\u00a0ng\/mL, respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Individuals with low sCD8.2 (\u2264\u20094.09\u00a0ng\/mL) presented longer progression-free survival (HR\u2009=\u20090.061, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and overall survival (HR\u2009=\u20090.104, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) compared to individuals with high sCD8.2 (median values unreached vs. 4.4\u00a0months and 14.4\u00a0months for PFS and OS, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Serum sCD8 could be an early biomarker of durable disease control after anti-PD-L1 treatment. Higher sCD8 in patients with worse outcomes could suggest the inhibitory effect of sCD8 on cytotoxic T-cells activation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-023-03377-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T14:02:52Z","timestamp":1674482572000},"page":"1853-1863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Low on-treatment levels of serum soluble CD8 (sCD8) predict better outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with atezolizumab"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3568-4716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Siemi\u0105tkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6873-5861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Bryl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3551-4784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kosicka-Noworzy\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5014-8391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Tvrdo\u0148","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Go\u0142da-Gocka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6611-5789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franciszek K.","family":"G\u0142\u00f3wka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3377_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2022.03.010","author":"S Madala","year":"2022","unstructured":"Madala S, Rasul R, Singla K et al (2022) Gender differences and their effects on survival outcomes in lung cancer patients treated With PD-1\/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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