{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T03:01:07Z","timestamp":1789441267159,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82273162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82273162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82273162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82273162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82273162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82273162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82273162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82273162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82273162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82272863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272863"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"2021 Key Projects of Jiangsu Provincial Healthcare Commission's Scientific Research Programs","award":["ZD2021019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2021019"]}]},{"name":"2021 Key Projects of Jiangsu Provincial Healthcare Commission's Scientific Research Programs","award":["ZD2021019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2021019"]}]},{"name":"2021 Key Projects of Jiangsu Provincial Healthcare Commission's Scientific Research Programs","award":["ZD2021019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2021019"]}]},{"name":"2021 Key Projects of Jiangsu Provincial Healthcare Commission's Scientific Research Programs","award":["ZD2021019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2021019"]}]},{"name":"2021 Key Projects of Jiangsu Provincial Healthcare Commission's Scientific Research Programs","award":["ZD2021019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2021019"]}]},{"name":"2021 Key Projects of Jiangsu Provincial Healthcare Commission's Scientific Research Programs","award":["ZD2021019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2021019"]}]},{"name":"2021 Key Projects of Jiangsu Provincial Healthcare Commission's Scientific Research Programs","award":["ZD2021019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2021019"]}]},{"name":"2021 Key Projects of Jiangsu Provincial Healthcare Commission's Scientific Research Programs","award":["ZD2021019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2021019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Immunol Immunother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Whether patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) should choose an immune-combination therapy regimen after EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) resistance is currently unclear.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We evaluated 118 NSCLC patients treated by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)\u2009+\u2009chemotherapy (I\u2009+\u2009C), ICIs\u2009+\u2009chemotherapy\u2009+\u2009antiangiogenic therapy (I\u2009+\u2009C\u2009+\u2009A), chemotherapy\u2009+\u2009antiangiogenic therapy (C\u2009+\u2009A) after inefficacy of EGFR-TKIs. We assessed the objective remission rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and progression-free survival (PFS) of these treatments.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The ORR was 26.1% vs 38.2% vs 16.3% in the three groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.093). The divergence in DCR was also statistically significant (65.2% vs 85.3% vs 74.4%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.209). The median PFS was no statistically significant difference in PFS (3.09 vs 6.31 vs 5.91\u00a0months, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.809), but the Kaplan\u2013Meier survival curve of 12-month-PFS indicated an apparent survival advantage in the I\u2009+\u2009C\u2009+\u2009A group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). In addition, the I\u2009+\u2009C\/I\u2009+\u2009C\u2009+\u2009A group showed higher median PFS than the C\u2009+\u2009A group in patients with brain metastases (median PFS, 6.44 vs 4.21\u00a0months, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022). The divergence in ORR of patients in the brain group was also statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.045). The I\u2009+\u2009C\u2009+\u2009A group showed superior efficacy in patients with liver metastases (median PFS, 0.95 vs 6.44 vs 3.48\u00a0months, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The Cox proportional hazard modeling analysis suggested that the age, brain metastases, and liver metastases were all connected with the prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study suggests that advanced NSCLC patients after resistance to EGFR-TKIs may achieve better outcomes from triple therapy. Patients with brain metastases favor ICIs-related combination therapies and patients with liver metastases prefer I\u2009+\u2009C\u2009+\u2009A therapy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-023-03570-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T20:02:37Z","timestamp":1698782557000},"page":"4355-4365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A retrospective real-world study: the efficacy of immune-related combination therapies in advanced non-small cell lung cancer after resistance to EGFR-TKIs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Ruoxue","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengya","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinjun","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoren","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"3570_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)60735-0","volume":"83","author":"JR Molina","year":"2008","unstructured":"Molina JR et al (2008) Non-small cell lung cancer: epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and survivorship. Mayo Clin Proc 83(5):584\u2013594","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"3570_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i20","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx704","volume":"29","author":"J Remon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Remon J et al (2018) Osimertinib and other third-generation EGFR TKI in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients. Ann Oncol 29(suppl_1):i20\u2013i27","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"3570_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i10","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx703","volume":"29","author":"D Westover","year":"2018","unstructured":"Westover D et al (2018) Mechanisms of acquired resistance to first- and second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Ann Oncol 29(suppl_1):i10\u2013i19","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3570_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.09.006","volume":"15","author":"CC Hsu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hsu CC et al (2020) Exon 16-skipping HER2 as a novel mechanism of osimertinib resistance in EGFR L858R\/T790M-positive non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 15(1):50\u201361","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"3570_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2020.12.039","volume":"153","author":"V Fuchs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fuchs V et al (2021) The impact of osimertinib\u2019 line on clonal evolution in EGFRm NSCLC through NGS-based liquid biopsy and overcoming strategies for resistance. Lung Cancer 153:126\u2013133","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"75","key":"3570_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75ra26","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002003","volume":"3","author":"LV Sequist","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sequist LV et al (2011) Genotypic and histological evolution of lung cancers acquiring resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Sci Transl Med 3(75):75ra26","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3570_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523-019-00644-6","volume":"14","author":"Y Mu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mu Y et al (2019) Clinical modality of resistance and subsequent management of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer failing treatment with osimertinib. Target Oncol 14(3):335\u2013342","journal-title":"Target Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3570_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.0025","volume":"20","author":"DS Ettinger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ettinger DS et al (2022) Non-small cell lung cancer, version 3.2022, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 20(5):497\u2013530","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"issue":"9","key":"3570_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq020","volume":"21","author":"M Reck","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reck M et al (2010) Overall survival with cisplatin-gemcitabine and bevacizumab or placebo as first-line therapy for nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer: results from a randomised phase III trial (AVAiL). Ann Oncol 21(9):1804\u20131809","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"19","key":"3570_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.59.4424","volume":"33","author":"C Zhou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhou C et al (2015) BEYOND: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase III study of first-line carboplatin\/paclitaxel plus bevacizumab or placebo in chinese patients with advanced or recurrent nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 33(19):2197\u20132204","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"22","key":"3570_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801005","volume":"378","author":"L Gandhi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gandhi L et al (2018) Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 378(22):2078\u20132092","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"3570_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30167-6","volume":"20","author":"H West","year":"2019","unstructured":"West H et al (2019) Atezolizumab in combination with carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment for metastatic non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (IMpower130): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 20(7):924\u2013937","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3570_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00520-1","volume":"18","author":"MJ Grant","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grant MJ, Herbst RS, Goldberg SB (2021) Selecting the optimal immunotherapy regimen in driver-negative metastatic NSCLC. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 18(10):625\u2013644","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"19","key":"3570_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606774","volume":"375","author":"M Reck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reck M et al (2016) Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for PD-L1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 375(19):1823\u20131833","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3570_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.03.035","volume":"13","author":"A Lisberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lisberg A et al (2018) A phase II study of pembrolizumab in EGFR-mutant, PD-L1+, tyrosine kinase inhibitor Na\u00efve patients with advanced NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 13(8):1138\u20131145","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3570_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30498-3","volume":"17","author":"CJ Langer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Langer CJ et al (2016) Carboplatin and pemetrexed with or without pembrolizumab for advanced, non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomised, phase 2 cohort of the open-label KEYNOTE-021 study. Lancet Oncol 17(11):1497\u20131508","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3570_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv209","volume":"26","author":"L Apetoh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Apetoh L et al (2015) Combining immunotherapy and anticancer agents: the right path to achieve cancer cure? Ann Oncol 26(9):1813\u20131823","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3570_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112291","volume":"18","author":"A Pircher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pircher A et al (2017) Synergies of targeting tumor angiogenesis and immune checkpoints in non-small cell lung cancer and renal cell cancer: from basic concepts to clinical reality. Int J Mol Sci 18(11):2291","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"385","key":"3570_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaak9679","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aak9679","volume":"9","author":"E Allen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Allen E et al (2017) Combined antiangiogenic and anti-PD-L1 therapy stimulates tumor immunity through HEV formation. Sci Transl Med 9(385):eaak9679","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"3570_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.07.009","volume":"16","author":"MA Socinski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Socinski MA et al (2021) IMpower150 final overall survival analyses for atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and chemotherapy in first-line metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 16(11):1909\u20131924","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3570_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00382-5","volume":"23","author":"S Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu S et al (2022) Sintilimab plus bevacizumab biosimilar IBI305 and chemotherapy for patients with EGFR-mutated non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer who progressed on EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor therapy (ORIENT-31): first interim results from a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 23(9):1167\u20131179","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3570_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.10.024","volume":"17","author":"S Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu S et al (2022) Efficacy of aumolertinib (HS-10296) in patients with advanced EGFR T790M+ NSCLC: updated post-national medical products administration approval results from the APOLLO registrational trial. J Thorac Oncol 17(3):411\u2013422","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3570_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.04.003","volume":"16","author":"M Qiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qiao M et al (2021) Immune checkpoint inhibitors in EGFR-mutated NSCLC: dusk or dawn? J Thorac Oncol 16(8):1267\u20131288","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3570_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01933-w","volume":"28","author":"S Peters","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peters S et al (2022) Atezolizumab versus chemotherapy in advanced or metastatic NSCLC with high blood-based tumor mutational burden: primary analysis of BFAST cohort C randomized phase 3 trial. Nat Med 28(9):1831\u20131839","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3570_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.09.014","volume":"17","author":"N Nogami","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nogami N et al (2022) IMpower150 final exploratory analyses for atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and chemotherapy in key NSCLC patient subgroups with EGFR mutations or metastases in the liver or brain. J Thorac Oncol 17(2):309\u2013323","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"10183","key":"3570_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32409-7","volume":"393","author":"TSK Mok","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mok TSK et al (2019) Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for previously untreated, PD-L1-expressing, locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-042): a randomised, open-label, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 393(10183):1819\u20131830","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10027","key":"3570_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01281-7","volume":"387","author":"RS Herbst","year":"2016","unstructured":"Herbst RS et al (2016) Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 387(10027):1540\u20131550","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"3570_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)70054-9","volume":"16","author":"NA Rizvi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rizvi NA et al (2015) Activity and safety of nivolumab, an anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, for patients with advanced, refractory squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 063): a phase 2, single-arm trial. Lancet Oncol 16(3):257\u2013265","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"35","key":"3570_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3924","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.74.3062","volume":"35","author":"L Horn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Horn L et al (2017) Nivolumab versus docetaxel in previously treated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: two-year outcomes from two randomized, open-label, phase III trials (CheckMate 017 and CheckMate 057). J Clin Oncol 35(35):3924\u20133933","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3570_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2020.12.043","volume":"502","author":"S Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou S et al (2021) Anti-PD-(L)1 immunotherapy for brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer: mechanisms, advances, and challenges. Cancer Lett 502:166\u2013179","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"issue":"11","key":"3570_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.06.020","volume":"16","author":"SF Powell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Powell SF et al (2021) Outcomes with pembrolizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy for patients with NSCLC and stable brain metastases: pooled analysis of KEYNOTE-021, -189, and -407. J Thorac Oncol 16(11):1883\u20131892","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"14","key":"3570_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.03136","volume":"38","author":"S Gadgeel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gadgeel S et al (2020) Updated analysis from KEYNOTE-189: pembrolizumab or placebo plus pemetrexed and platinum for previously untreated metastatic nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 38(14):1505\u20131517","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3570_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.07.014","volume":"15","author":"Y Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang Y et al (2020) Efficacy and safety of sintilimab plus pemetrexed and platinum as first-line treatment for Locally advanced or metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC: a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study (oncology pRogram by InnovENT anti-PD-1-11). J Thorac Oncol 15(10):1636\u20131646","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3570_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-019-01552-5","volume":"25","author":"Z Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Z et al (2020) Retrospective study on bevacizumab in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases. Int J Clin Oncol 25(2):267\u2013273","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3570_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-2082","volume":"21","author":"B Besse","year":"2015","unstructured":"Besse B et al (2015) Bevacizumab in patients with nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer and asymptomatic, untreated brain metastases (BRAIN): a nonrandomized. Phase II Study Clin Cancer Res 21(8):1896\u20131903","journal-title":"Phase II Study Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"3570_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975246","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.975246","volume":"13","author":"J Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu J et al (2022) The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer after resistance to EGFR-TKIs: real-world evidence from a multicenter retrospective study. Front Immunol 13:975246","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3570_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955944","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.955944","volume":"13","author":"S Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou S, Ren F, Meng X (2022) Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in EGFR mutation-positive patients with NSCLC and brain metastases who have failed EGFR-TKI therapy. Front Immunol 13:955944","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"17","key":"3570_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.58.1736","volume":"33","author":"CK Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee CK et al (2015) Impact of specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and clinical characteristics on outcomes after treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors versus chemotherapy in EGFR-mutant lung cancer: a meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol 33(17):1958\u20131965","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00262-023-03570-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00262-023-03570-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00262-023-03570-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T03:05:26Z","timestamp":1701918326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00262-023-03570-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00262-023-03570-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-7004","1432-0851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-7004","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the ethics committee of Nanjing Medical University (NO. (2022)259). Informed consent was obtained from each subject.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}