{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:05:57Z","timestamp":1789099557597,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Immunol Immunother"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Isatuximab, an anti-CD38 antibody, has been widely used in treatments for patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Despite its high efficacy, not all patients achieve a lasting therapeutic response with isatuximab.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We tried to identify biomarkers to predict the effectiveness of isatuximab by focusing on the host's immune status before treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 134 relapsed\/refractory MM patients in the Kansai Myeloma Forum database who had received only a first isatuximab treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among the 134 patients, an isatuximab, pomalidomide and dexamethasone (Isa-PD) regimen, isatuximab, carfilzomib and dexamethasone (Isa-KD) regimen and isatuximab and\/or dexamethasone (Isa-D) regimen were used in 112, 15 and 7 patients, respectively. The median age at treatment, number of prior treatment regimens, and progression-free survival (PFS) were 71, 6, and 6.54\u00a0months, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the PFS under the Isa-PD regimen was longer in patients with higher lymphocyte\/monocyte ratio (LMR\u2009\u2265\u20094), fewer prior treatment regimens (&lt;\u20096), and no use of prior daratumumab treatment. The OS under the Isa-PD regimen was longer in patients with higher white blood cell counts (WBC counts\u2009\u2265\u20093000\/\u03bcL) and higher LMR. The PFS under the Isa-D regimen was longer in patients with fewer prior treatment regimens in univariate analysis, but no parameters were correlated with PFS\/OS under the Isa-KD regimen.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We found that the patients with higher LMR (\u2265\u20094) could obtain longer PFS and OS under the Isa-PD regimen. Other cohort studies of isatuximab treatment might be necessary to substantiate our results.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-024-03711-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T09:11:06Z","timestamp":1715937066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The lymphocyte\/monocyte ratio predicts the efficacy of isatuximab plus pomalidomide in multiple myeloma patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1604-7220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yutaka","family":"Shimazu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6704-3633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junya","family":"Kanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3093-4974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Onda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4147-9113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin-ichi","family":"Fuchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kensuke","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9309-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuji","family":"Shimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9057-5761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoru","family":"Kosugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Yamamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4068-166X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Hanamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Anzai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Hotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Yoshihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7889-3097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruhito","family":"Takakuwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirohiko","family":"Shibayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiko","family":"Uoshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Hosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5419-9156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoki","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1006-7749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chihiro","family":"Shimazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2818-4270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itaru","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junya","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akifumi","family":"Takaori-Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Hino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"3711_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5034","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15163","volume":"112","author":"Y Shimazu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shimazu Y, Mizuno S, Fuchida S et al (2021) Improved survival of multiple myeloma patients treated with autologous transplantation in the modern era of new medicine. Cancer Sci 112:5034\u20135045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cas.15163","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"3711_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1607751","volume":"375","author":"MA Dimopoulos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dimopoulos MA, Oriol A, Nahi H et al (2016) Daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 375:1319\u20131331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa1607751","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3711_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32556-5","volume":"394","author":"M Attal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Attal M, Richardson PG, Rajkumar SV et al (2019) Isatuximab plus pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone versus pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (ICARIA-MM): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet 394:2096\u20132107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32556-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3711_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00592-4","volume":"397","author":"P Moreau","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moreau P, Dimopoulos MA, Mikhael J et al (2021) Isatuximab, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone in relapsed multiple myeloma (IKEMA): a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet 397:2361\u20132371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00592-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3711_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020008209","volume":"137","author":"M Dimopoulos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dimopoulos M, Bringhen S, Anttila P et al (2021) Isatuximab as monotherapy and combined with dexamethasone in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma. Blood 137:1154\u20131165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2020008209","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3711_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-05-636357","volume":"128","author":"V Hoyos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoyos V, Borrello I (2016) The immunotherapy era of myeloma: Monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and adoptive T-cell therapies. Blood 128:1679\u20131687","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3711_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.152504","volume":"102","author":"P Rodr\u00edguez-Otero","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Otero P, Paiva B, Engelhardt M et al (2017) Is immunotherapy here to stay in multiple myeloma? Haematologica 102:423\u2013432","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"3711_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4574","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0695","volume":"20","author":"J Deckert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deckert J, Wetzel MC, Bartle LM et al (2014) SAR650984, a novel humanized CD38-targeting antibody, demonstrates potent antitumor activity in models of multiple myeloma and other CD38+ hematologic malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 20:4574\u20134583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0695","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"3711_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4290","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-3192","volume":"23","author":"X Feng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feng X, Zhang L, Acharya C et al (2017) Targeting CD38 suppresses induction and function of T regulatory cells to mitigate immunosuppression in multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 23:4290\u20134300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-3192","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"3711_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8121522","volume":"8","author":"TG Martin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martin TG, Corzo K, Chiron M et al (2019) Therapeutic opportunities with pharmacological inhibition of CD38 with isatuximab. Cells 8:1522","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"3711_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.240","volume":"30","author":"H Jiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jiang H, Acharya C, An G et al (2016) SAR650984 directly induces multiple myeloma cell death via lysosomal-associated and apoptotic pathways, which is further enhanced by pomalidomide. Leukemia 30:399\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/leu.2015.240","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"3711_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5159","DOI":"10.1038\/S41598-023-32426-6","volume":"13","author":"Y Shimazu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shimazu Y, Kanda J, Kosugi S et al (2023) Efficacy of elotuzumab for multiple myeloma in reference to lymphocyte counts and kappa\/lambda ratio or B2 microglobulin. Sci Rep 13:5159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41598-023-32426-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3711_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204062072211424","DOI":"10.1177\/20406207221142487","volume":"13","author":"Y Shimazu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shimazu Y, Kanda J, Kaneko H et al (2022) Monocyte or white blood cell counts and \u03b22 microglobulin predict the durable efficacy of daratumumab with lenalidomide. Ther Adv Hematol 13:20406207221142490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20406207221142487","journal-title":"Ther Adv Hematol"},{"key":"3711_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3861","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-023-03514-3","volume":"72","author":"Y Shimazu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shimazu Y, Kitawaki T, Kondo T, Takaori-Kondo A (2023) Pretreatment blast-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker for CD19\/CD3-bispecific T cell-engaging antibodies (blinatumomab) treatment against relapsed or refractory B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Immunol Immunother 72:3861\u20133865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00262-023-03514-3","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"3711_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e579","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2017.60","volume":"7","author":"T Dosani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dosani T, Covut F, Beck R et al (2017) Significance of the absolute lymphocyte\/monocyte ratio as a prognostic immune biomarker in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 7:e579\u2013e579","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"3711_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-021-03201-y","volume":"114","author":"K Suzuki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suzuki K, Nishiwaki K, Nagao R et al (2021) Clinical significance of the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in multiple myeloma patients with negative minimal residual disease: a single-center retrospective analysis. Int J Hematol 114:599\u2013607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12185-021-03201-y","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"3711_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404284","volume":"20","author":"BGM Durie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Durie BGM, Harousseau JL, Miguel JS et al (2006) International uniform response criteria for multiple myeloma. Leukemia 20:1467\u20131473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.leu.2404284","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"3711_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-631200","volume":"127","author":"P Sonneveld","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sonneveld P, Avet-Loiseau H, Lonial S et al (2016) Treatment of multiple myeloma with high-risk cytogenetics: a consensus of the International Myeloma Working Group. Blood 127:2955\u20132962","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3711_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780040107","volume":"4","author":"C-H Chen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Chen C-H, George SL (1985) The bootstrap and identification of prognostic factors via cox\u2019s proportional hazards regression model. Stat Med 4:39\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.4780040107","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"3711_CR20","first-page":"569","volume-title":"Bootstrap methods: another look at the jackknife","author":"B Efron","year":"1992","unstructured":"Efron B (1992) Bootstrap methods: another look at the jackknife. Springer, New York, pp 569\u2013593"},{"key":"3711_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.244","volume":"48","author":"Y Kanda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kanda Y (2013) Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software \u201cEZR\u201d for medical statistics. Bone Marrow Transpl 48:452\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bmt.2012.244","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl"},{"key":"3711_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-03-703439","volume":"128","author":"IS Nijhof","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nijhof IS, Casneuf T, Van Velzen J et al (2016) CD38 expression and complement inhibitors affect response and resistance to daratumumab therapy in myeloma. Blood 128:959\u2013970. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2016-03-703439","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3711_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.123","volume":"29","author":"IS Nijhof","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nijhof IS, Groen RWJ, Lokhorst HM et al (2015) Upregulation of CD38 expression on multiple myeloma cells by all-trans retinoic acid improves the efficacy of daratumumab. Leukemia 29:2039\u20132049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/leu.2015.123","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"3711_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOOD.2020006200","volume":"136","author":"MN Kararoudi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kararoudi MN, Nagai Y, Elmas E et al (2020) CD38 deletion of human primary NK cells eliminates daratumumab-induced fratricide and boosts their effector activity. Blood 136:2416\u20132427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/BLOOD.2020006200","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3711_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0855-4","volume":"35","author":"T Casneuf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Casneuf T, Adams HC, van de Donk NWCJ et al (2021) Deep immune profiling of patients treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone with or without daratumumab. Leukemia 35:573\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41375-020-0855-4","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"3711_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7498","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-2027","volume":"23","author":"J Krejcik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Krejcik J, Frerichs KA, Nijhof IS et al (2017) Monocytes and granulocytes reduce CD38 expression levels on myeloma cells in patients treated with daratumumab. Clin Cancer Res 23:7498\u20137511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-2027","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"3711_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16548","volume":"190","author":"P Storti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Storti P, Vescovini R, Costa F et al (2020) CD14+CD16+ monocytes are involved in daratumumab-mediated myeloma cells killing and in anti-CD47 therapeutic strategy. Br J Haematol 190:430\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.16548","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"3711_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.331","volume":"32","author":"SK Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar SK, Dispenzieri A, Fraser R et al (2018) Early relapse after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation remains a poor prognostic factor in multiple myeloma but outcomes have improved over time. Leukemia 32:523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/leu.2017.331","journal-title":"Leukemia"}],"container-title":["Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00262-024-03711-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00262-024-03711-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00262-024-03711-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T03:52:05Z","timestamp":1718682725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00262-024-03711-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3711"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00262-024-03711-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-0851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-0851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Shin-ichi Fuchida has received honoraria from Takeda, Sanofi, Janssen, Ono, Bristol-Myers Squibb. Tomoki Ito has received honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Sanofi, Grant\/Research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb. Yuji Shimura has received honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen Pharmaceutical and Sanofi. Teruhito Takakuwa has received honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squib and Grant\/Research funding from Janssen Pharmaceutical and Sanofi. Hirohiko Shibayama reports honoraria from Takeda, Ono, Fujimoto, Janssen, Chugai, Eisai, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, Meiji Seika Pharma, and AbbVie. Chihiro Shimazaki has received honoraria from Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Sanofi. Junya Kuroda is a consultant for Janssen Pharmaceutical and Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), and has received\u00a0honoraria from Janssen Pharmaceutical, Ono Pharmaceutical, Sanofi, and BMS. The other authors have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All procedures involving patients performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ethics Committee of the Kyoto University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine (approval no. R2887; approval date: January 6th, 2022) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The informed consent requirement for this retrospective study was waived because the study was conducted retrospectively and the opportunity to refuse was guaranteed.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"135"}}