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Oligo-residual disease (ORD) was defined as residual tumors limited to three organs and five lesions evaluated at the best response among patients with partial response or stable disease after PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors. Oligometastatic and multiple-metastatic disease (OMD\/MMD) were similarly classified at baseline. Locoregional interventions, administered after effective treatment of PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors and before initial disease progression, were defined as LCT. Patterns of initial progressive disease (PD) were classified as involving only residual sites (RP), only new sites (NP), or a combination of both (BP).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among the 698 patients included, ORD was documented in 73 (47.1%) of 155 patients with baseline OMD and 60 (11.0%) of 543 patients with baseline MMD. With a median follow-up of 31.0 (range, 6.0\u201353.0) months, 108 patients with ORD developed initial PD, with RP, NP, and BP occurring in 51 (47%), 23 (21.3%), and 34 (31.5%), respectively. Among the 133 patients with ORD, those receiving LCT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200943) had longer progression-free survival (HR\u2009=\u20090.58, 95% CI 0.40\u20130.85, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) and overall survival (HR\u2009=\u20090.49, 95% CI 0.30\u20130.79, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>ORD occurs with a clinically relevant frequency among PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitor-treated metastatic NSCLC patients and LCT may provide extra survival benefits in those with ORD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-024-03720-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T13:10:44Z","timestamp":1717506644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Oligo-residual disease in PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitor-treated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: incidence, pattern of failure, and clinical value of local consolidative therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Jinmeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiuang","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yida","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjiao","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengfei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3720_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.21.00174","volume":"39","author":"M Reck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reck M, Rodr\u00edguez-Abreu D, Robinson AG, Hui R, Cs\u0151szi T, F\u00fcl\u00f6p A, Gottfried M, Peled N, Tafreshi A, Cuffe S, O\u2019Brien M, Rao S, Hotta K, Leal TA, Riess JW, Jensen E, Zhao B, Pietanza MC, Brahmer JR (2021) Five-year outcomes with pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer with PD-L1 tumor proportion score \u2265 50. 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