{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:27:06Z","timestamp":1790810826602,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union - NextGeneration EU","award":["PNRR - M4C2-I1.3 Project PE_00000019, CUP J33C22002920006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRR - M4C2-I1.3 Project PE_00000019, CUP J33C22002920006"]}]},{"name":"Alma Mater Studiorum - Universit\u00e0 di Bologna"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Immunol Immunother"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are standard treatments for advanced solid cancers. Resistance to ICIs, both primary and secondary, poses challenges, with early mortality (EM) within 30\u201390\u00a0days indicating a lack of benefit. Prognostic factors for EM, including the lung immune prognostic index (LIPI), remain underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective, observational study including patients affected by advanced solid tumors, treated with ICI as single agent or combined with other agents. Logistic regression models identified factors associated with EM and 90-day progression risks. A nomogram for predicting 90-day mortality was built and validated within an external cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 637 patients received ICIs (single agent or in combination with other drugs) for advanced solid tumors. Most patients were male (61.9%), with NSCLC as the prevalent tumor (61.8%). Within the cohort, 21.3% died within 90\u00a0days, 8.4% died within 30\u00a0days, and 34.5% experienced early progression. Factors independently associated with 90-day mortality included ECOG PS 2 and a high\/intermediate LIPI score. For 30-day mortality, lung metastasis and a high\/intermediate LIPI score were independent risk factors. Regarding early progression, high\/intermediate LIPI score was independently associated. A predictive nomogram for 90-day mortality combining LIPI and ECOG PS achieved an AUC of 0.76 (95% CI 0.71\u20130.81). The discrimination ability of the nomogram was confirmed in the external validation cohort (n\u2009=\u2009255) (AUC 0.72, 95% CI 0.64\u20130.80).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LIPI and ECOG PS independently were able to estimate 90-day mortality, with LIPI also demonstrating prognostic validity for 30-day mortality and early progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-024-03836-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T21:01:16Z","timestamp":1727902876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Development and validation of a new tool to estimate early mortality in patients with advanced cancer treated with immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"De Giglio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Leonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Comito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria Maria","family":"Filippini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Mollica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Rihawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Peroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Mazzaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Ricciotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Carosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Rosellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambrogio","family":"Gagliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Favorito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Nobili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Gelsomino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Melotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola Valeria","family":"Marchese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Sperandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Di Federico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Buti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Massari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Abbondanza","family":"Pantaleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Tiseo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ardizzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"3836_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000398","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2019-000398","volume":"8","author":"HM Kluger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kluger HM, Tawbi HA, Ascierto ML et al (2020) Defining tumor resistance to PD-1 pathway blockade: recommendations from the first meeting of the SITC Immunotherapy Resistance Taskforce. 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ADF has received honoraria from Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Advisory role from Hansen-Wade. FM has received research support and\/or honoraria from Astellas, BMS, Janssen, Ipsen, MSD and Pfizer outside the\u00a0submitted\u00a0work. AA has received Honoraria for the participation to advisory boards and\/or for lectures from BMS, Eli-Lilly, MSD, AZ, Roche, Takeda, Janssen, Sanofi, Novartis, AbbVie, Daiichi. AL has received speakers\u2019 fee for Astra-Zeneca, MSD, Takeda and Sanofi. AL has been on advisory board for BeiGene, Sanofi, Novartis, Astra-Zeneca. AL has attended editorial activities sponsored by Roche and Eli Lilly. AL has received travel support from MSD and Novartis. MT received speakers\u2019 and consultants\u2019 fee from Astra-Zeneca, Pfizer, Eli-Lilly, BMS, Novartis, Roche, MSD, Boehringer Ingelheim, Otsuka, Takeda, Pierre Fabre, Amgen, Merck, Sanofi. MT received institutional research grants from Astra-Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"246"}}