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Conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have limitations and adverse effects. Cancer immunotherapy and targeted therapies offer new treatment options. Parasite-based cancer therapy shows promise in fighting tumors. Some parasites have anti-cancer properties through multi-mechanistic strategies, with the molecular mimicry theory as a leading explanation for parasites\u2019 anti-cancer effects. This study aimed to explore the existence of shared antigenic proteins between parasites (<jats:italic>Trichinella spiralis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>) and cancer cell lines (MCF-7\u00a0human breast cancer and A549 human lung cancer). Polyclonal antisera against <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> parasites were generated in rabbits. Antibody\u00a0reactivity with extracts of MCF-7 and A549 cancer cells was detected using SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Results documented the molecular mimicry between parasites and cancers as it revealed cross-reactive bands when using <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> antibodies against MCF-7 and A549 cancer cell extracts at approximate molecular weights of 70 and 35\u00a0kDa, and with <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> antibodies at an approximate molecular weight of 80\u00a0kDa. <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> antibodies neither reacted with MCF-7 human breast cancer nor A549 human lung cancer cell extracts. Results of this study could establish a foundation for subsequent investigation among a broad range of parasites for molecular mimicry with cancers. Identification, molecular characterization, and investigation of the anti-neoplastic activity of these cross-reactive antigens could shed light on new pathways for the potential development of a novel class of innovative cancer vaccine candidates and therapeutic antibodies of parasitic origin for cancer immunotherapy and targeted therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-025-04069-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T12:27:09Z","timestamp":1747916829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Molecular mimicry between parasites and cancer: a novel approach for developing cancer vaccines and therapeutic antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Maha Mohamed","family":"Eissa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia Rifaat Ahmed","family":"Allam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cherine Adel","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha Abdelmawla","family":"Ghazala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahla","family":"El Skhawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman Ibrahim El-said","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"4069_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO), Cancer. 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