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Liver-directed therapies (LDT) are commonly used given the strong predilection for hepatic metastases. Transarterial immunoembolization (TAIE) with granulocyte\u2013macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can potentially synergize with concurrent systemic\u00a0ICI to overcome immune evasion.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This single-center, retrospective study includes mUM patients with liver-predominant metastases who received TAIE, with\/without concurrent systemic\u00a0ICI (\u2264\u20093\u00a0months before\/during TAIE). Endpoints included ORR, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Between 2016 and 2023, 18 mUM patients (median age 64\u00a0years) received TAIE (median 4 procedures\/patient). Fourteen patients (78%) received concurrent ICI. ORR was 17% (3\/18), all in patients receiving ICI, with partial responses lasting 4.2, 35\u2009+\u2009and 46\u00a0months. Disease control rate (stable disease or better) was 56% (10\/18). Median time to next systemic therapy or death was 19.5\u00a0months (range 1.6- 46). Median PFS and OS from first TAIE treatment were 4.9\u00a0months (range 0.7\u201346) and 35\u00a0months (range 1.7- 46). Immune-related AEs (IRAE) during concurrent therapy occurred in seven of 10 patients receiving anti-CTLA-4\/PD-1 combination, including hepatitis (n\u2009=\u20095; grade 2 in 1, grade 3 in 4). Four of seven patients resumed anti-PD-1 monotherapy without recurrent IRAE.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Concurrent LDT with GM-CSF TAIE and ICI, including anti-CTLA-4\/PD-1 combination, is feasible, safe, and can lead to sustained clinical benefit in a subset of mUM patients. OS with this combination compares favorably to published outcomes for systemic therapy or LDT alone.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-025-04124-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T15:31:36Z","timestamp":1752593496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Concurrent treatment with transarterial immunoembolization of hepatic metastases and systemic immune checkpoint inhibitors to overcome immune evasion in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Natalie J.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon W.","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob B.","family":"Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Hippe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"McCamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua R.","family":"Veatch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan T.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne L.","family":"Monsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shailender","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4124_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1159\/000480640","volume":"4","author":"ME Aronow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aronow ME, Topham AK, Singh AD (2018) Uveal melanoma: 5-year update on incidence, treatment, and survival (SEER 1973\u20132013). 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EH reports research funding (to Institution) from Bristol Myers Squibb, NiKang Therapeutics, Neoleukin Therapeutics, Pfizer, ImCheck Therapeutics, Replimune, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Immunocore, Cullinan Oncology and Kezar Life Sciences; and consulting fees from Eisai Co. DH reports other research funding (to Institution) from GE Healthcare. SB reports research funding (to institution) from BMS, Merck, EMD Serono, Incyte, Checkmate Pharmaceuticals, TriSalus Life Sciences, and Agenus; honoraria and consulting fees from Incyte, BMS and Replimune; and travel support from Regeneron. NM, SK, JL, WM, and WLM report no disclosures.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"270"}}