{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T19:24:53Z","timestamp":1779909893015,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005024","name":"Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023-ZZ-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-ZZ-038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Beijing Li Huanying Medical Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Immunol Immunother"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-025-04229-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T13:12:09Z","timestamp":1762953129000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of the rationale of a personalized cancer vaccine based on the in situ vaccine effect of radiotherapy: a mechanistic study of the POLARSTAR trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"74","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05245474","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peilin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huajing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingchi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongtao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4229_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02107","volume":"38","author":"DT Le","year":"2020","unstructured":"Le DT, Kim TW, Van Cutsem E et al (2020) Phase II open-label study of pembrolizumab in treatment-refractory, microsatellite instability-high\/mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer: KEYNOTE-164. J Clin Oncol 38(1):11\u201319","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4229_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.05.519","volume":"33","author":"M Maio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maio M, Ascierto PA, Manzyuk L et al (2022) Pembrolizumab in microsatellite instability high or mismatch repair deficient cancers: updated analysis from the phase II KEYNOTE-158 study. Ann Oncol 33(9):929\u2013938","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4229_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.06.008","volume":"33","author":"T Andr\u00e9","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9 T, Lonardi S, Wong KYM et al (2022) Nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab in previously treated patients with microsatellite instability-high\/mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer: 4-year follow-up from CheckMate 142. Ann Oncol 33(10):1052\u20131060","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4229_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01015","volume":"40","author":"HJ Lenz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lenz HJ, Van Cutsem E, Luisa Limon M et al (2022) First-line nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab for microsatellite instability-high\/mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer: the phase II checkmate 142 study. J Clin Oncol 40(2):161\u2013170","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"26","key":"4229_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500596","volume":"372","author":"DT Le","year":"2015","unstructured":"Le DT, Uram JN, Wang H et al (2015) PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatch-repair deficiency. N Engl J Med 372(26):2509\u20132520","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"4229_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2216334","volume":"388","author":"MR Mirza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mirza MR, Chase DM, Slomovitz BM et al (2023) Dostarlimab for primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. N Engl J Med 388(23):2145\u20132158","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4229_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0805-8","volume":"26","author":"M Chalabi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chalabi M, Fanchi LF, Dijkstra KK et al (2020) Neoadjuvant immunotherapy leads to pathological responses in MMR-proficient and MMR-deficient early-stage colon cancers. Nat Med 26(4):566\u2013576","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4229_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1264565","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2016.1264565","volume":"6","author":"FA Eggink","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eggink FA, Van Gool IC, Leary A et al (2016) Immunological profiling of molecularly classified high-risk endometrial cancers identifies POLE-mutant and microsatellite unstable carcinomas as candidates for checkpoint inhibition. Oncoimmunology 6(2):e1264565","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"issue":"5","key":"4229_CR9","first-page":"433","volume":"74","author":"V Subbiah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Subbiah V, Gouda MA, Ryll B et al (2024) The evolving landscape of tissue-agnostic therapies in precision oncology. CA Cancer J Clin 74(5):433\u2013452","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"4229_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonneville R, Krook MA, Kautto EA, et al (2017) Landscape of microsatellite instability across 39 cancer types. JCO Precis Oncol; 2017:PO.17.00073","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.17.00073"},{"issue":"1","key":"4229_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20495","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23319-1","volume":"12","author":"YJ Kang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kang YJ, O\u2019Haire S, Franchini F et al (2022) A scoping review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of pan-tumour biomarkers (dMMR, MSI, high TMB) in different solid tumours. Sci Rep 12(1):20495","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"4229_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-0246-1","volume":"20","author":"M McLaughlin","year":"2020","unstructured":"McLaughlin M, Patin EC, Pedersen M et al (2020) Inflammatory microenvironment remodelling by tumour cells after radiotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 20(4):203\u2013217","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"4229_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03360-5","volume":"31","author":"Y Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang Y, Pang K, Lin G, Liu X, Gao J, Zhou J, Xu L, Gao Z, Wu Y, Li A, Han J (2025) Neoadjuvant chemoradiation with or without PD-1 blockade in locally advanced rectal cancer: a randomized phase 2 trial. Nat Med 31(2):449\u2013456","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"4229_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e352","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00075-5","volume":"25","author":"C Lynch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lynch C, Pitroda SP, Weichselbaum RR (2024) Radiotherapy, immunity, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Lancet Oncol 25(8):e352\u2013e362","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"7799","key":"4229_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2071-9","volume":"579","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Xia S et al (2020) Gasdermin E suppresses tumour growth by activating anti-tumour immunity. Nature 579(7799):415\u2013420","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7799","key":"4229_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2079-1","volume":"579","author":"Q Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Q, Wang Y, Ding J et al (2020) A bioorthogonal system reveals antitumour immune function of pyroptosis. Nature 579(7799):421\u2013426","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"4229_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1841","volume":"115","author":"W Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao W, Chen G, Wu L et al (2023) Ionizing radiation triggers the antitumor immunity by inducing Gasdermin E-mediated pyroptosis in tumor cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 115(2):440\u2013452","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"9","key":"4229_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e069499","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-069499","volume":"13","author":"K Pang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pang K, Yang Y, Tian D et al (2023) Long-course chemoradiation plus concurrent\/sequential PD-1 blockade as neoadjuvant treatment for MMR-status-unscreened locally advanced rectal cancer: protocol of a multicentre, phase 2, randomised controlled trial (the POLAR-STAR trial). BMJ Open 13(9):e069499","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"4229_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00046","volume":"41","author":"D Morton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morton D, Seymour M, Magill L et al (2023) Preoperative chemotherapy for operable colon cancer: mature results of an international randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 41(8):1541\u20131552","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"8514","key":"4229_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92612-7","volume":"2","author":"P Quirke","year":"1986","unstructured":"Quirke P, Durdey P, Dixon MF et al (1986) Local recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma due to inadequate surgical resection. Histopathological study of lateral tumour spread and surgical excision. Lancet 2(8514):996\u2013999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"4229_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16878","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17204-5","volume":"7","author":"P Bankhead","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bankhead P, Loughrey MB, Fern\u00e1ndez JA et al (2017) QuPath: open source software for digital pathology image analysis. Sci Rep 7(1):16878","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"4229_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0114-2","volume":"37","author":"AM Newman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Newman AM, Steen CB, Liu CL et al (2019) Determining cell type abundance and expression from bulk tissues with digital cytometry. Nat Biotechnol 37(7):773\u2013782","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4229_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13542","volume":"11","author":"JH Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen JH, Chu XP, Zhang JT et al (2020) Genomic characteristics and drug screening among organoids derived from non-small cell lung cancer patients. Thorac Cancer 11(8):2279\u20132290","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"4229_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00782-x","volume":"20","author":"L Galluzzi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Galluzzi L, Aryankalayil MJ, Coleman CN et al (2023) Emerging evidence for adapting radiotherapy to immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 20(8):543\u2013557","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4229_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-024-00674-x","volume":"24","author":"P Meier","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meier P, Legrand AJ, Adam D et al (2024) Immunogenic cell death in cancer: targeting necroptosis to induce antitumour immunity. Nat Rev Cancer 24(5):299\u2013315","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"4229_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2017.133","volume":"28","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Chen X, Gueydan C et al (2018) Plasma membrane changes during programmed cell deaths. Cell Res 28(1):9\u201321","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"4229_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-021-00346-0","volume":"21","author":"M Saxena","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saxena M, van der Burg SH, Melief CJM et al (2021) Therapeutic cancer vaccines. Nat Rev Cancer 21(6):360\u2013378","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"41","key":"4229_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabf6290","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abf6290","volume":"7","author":"Y Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang Y, Wu M, Cao D et al (2021) ZBP1-MLKL necroptotic signaling potentiates radiation-induced antitumor immunity via intratumoral STING pathway activation. Sci Adv 7(41):eabf6290","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"4229_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo.2018.10.01","volume":"10","author":"V Ostwal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ostwal V, Pande NS, Engineer R et al (2019) Low prevalence of deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) protein in locally advanced rectal cancers (LARC) and treatment outcomes. J Gastrointest Oncol 10(1):19\u201329","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4229_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11525-7","volume":"23","author":"K Ni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ni K, Zhan Y, Liu Z et al (2023) Survival outcomes in locally advanced dMMR rectal cancer: surgery plus adjunctive treatment vs. surgery alone. BMC Cancer 23(1):1013","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"4229_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01308","volume":"40","author":"DR Spigel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spigel DR, Faivre-Finn C, Gray JE et al (2022) Five-year survival outcomes from the PACIFIC trial: durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 40(12):1301\u20131311","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4229_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2010.02.004","volume":"22","author":"CL Chiang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chiang CL, Benencia F, Coukos G (2010) Whole tumor antigen vaccines. Semin Immunol 22(3):132\u2013143","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4229_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.8.3539","volume":"90","author":"G Dranoff","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dranoff G, Jaffee E, Lazenby A et al (1993) Vaccination with irradiated tumor cells engineered to secrete murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates potent, specific, and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90(8):3539\u20133543","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"8","key":"4229_CR34","first-page":"1828","volume":"56","author":"H Wakimoto","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wakimoto H, Abe J, Tsunoda R et al (1996) Intensified antitumor immunity by a cancer vaccine that produces granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4. Cancer Res 56(8):1828\u20131833","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"4229_CR35","first-page":"2444","volume":"60","author":"AA Hurwitz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hurwitz AA, Foster BA, Kwon ED et al (2000) Combination immunotherapy of primary prostate cancer in a transgenic mouse model using CTLA-4 blockade. Cancer Res 60(9):2444\u20132448","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4229_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2012.19","volume":"20","author":"Y Meng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meng Y, Efimova EV, Hamzeh KW et al (2012) Radiation-inducible immunotherapy for cancer: senescent tumor cells as a cancer vaccine. Mol Ther 20(5):1046\u20131055","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"4229_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-0456-1","volume":"18","author":"C Fang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fang C, Mo F, Liu L et al (2021) Oxidized mitochondrial DNA sensing by STING signaling promotes the antitumor effect of an irradiated immunogenic cancer cell vaccine. Cell Mol Immunol 18(9):2211\u20132223","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4229_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e005862","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005862","volume":"11","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Y, Pagacz J, Wolfgeher DJ et al (2023) Senescent cancer cell vaccines induce cytotoxic T cell responses targeting primary tumors and disseminated tumor cells. J Immunother Cancer 11(2):e005862","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"4229_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.05.044","volume":"359","author":"X Qin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qin X, Yang T, Xu H et al (2023) Dying tumor cells-inspired vaccine for boosting humoral and cellular immunity against cancer. J Control Release 359:359\u2013372","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"5","key":"4229_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.02.015","volume":"14","author":"H Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu H, Qin X, Guo Y et al (2024) Radiation-based immunogenic vaccine combined with a macrophage \u201ccheckpoint inhibitor\u201d for boosting innate and adaptive immunity against metastatic colon cancers. Acta Pharm Sin B 14(5):2247\u20132262","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"issue":"1","key":"4229_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.1.145","volume":"19","author":"EM Jaffee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jaffee EM, Hruban RH, Biedrzycki B et al (2001) Novel allogeneic granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting tumor vaccine for pancreatic cancer: a phase I trial of safety and immune activation. J Clin Oncol 19(1):145\u2013156","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4229_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3394","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-0145","volume":"12","author":"JW Simons","year":"2006","unstructured":"Simons JW, Carducci MA, Mikhak B et al (2006) Phase I\/II trial of an allogeneic cellular immunotherapy in hormone-na\u00efve prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 12:3394\u20133401","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"4229_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-2937","volume":"13","author":"EJ Small","year":"2007","unstructured":"Small EJ, Sacks N, Nemunaitis J et al (2007) Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor\u2013secreting allogeneic cellular immunotherapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 13(13):3883\u20133891","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4229_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23669","volume":"113","author":"CS Higano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Higano CS, Corman JM, Smith DC et al (2008) Phase 1\/2 dose-escalation study of a GM-CSF-secreting, allogeneic, cellular immunotherapy for metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer 113(5):975\u2013984","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"4229_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-0371","volume":"14","author":"D Laheru","year":"2008","unstructured":"Laheru D, Lutz E, Burke J et al (2008) Allogeneic granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting tumor immunotherapy alone or in sequence with cyclophosphamide for metastatic pancreatic cancer: a pilot study of safety, feasibility, and immune activation. Clin Cancer Res 14(5):1455\u20131463","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"4229_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e31829fb7a2","volume":"36","author":"DT Le","year":"2013","unstructured":"Le DT, Lutz E, Uram JN et al (2013) Evaluation of ipilimumab in combination with allogeneic pancreatic tumor cells transfected with a GM-CSF gene in previously treated pancreatic cancer. J Immunother 36(7):382\u2013389","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"issue":"3","key":"4229_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2016.09.018","volume":"143","author":"J Oh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oh J, Barve M, Matthews CM et al (2016) Phase II study of Vigil\u00ae DNA engineered immunotherapy as maintenance in advanced stage ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 143(3):504\u2013510","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4229_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30533-7","volume":"21","author":"RP Rocconi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rocconi RP, Grosen EA, Ghamande SA et al (2020) Gemogenovatucel-T (vigil) immunotherapy as maintenance in frontline stage III\/IV ovarian cancer (VITAL): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial. Lancet Oncol 21(12):1661\u20131672","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"13","key":"4229_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3991","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-017-6072-3","volume":"24","author":"MB Faries","year":"2017","unstructured":"Faries MB, Mozzillo N, Kashani-Sabet M et al (2017) Long-term survival after complete surgical resection and adjuvant immunotherapy for distant melanoma metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 24(13):3991\u20134000","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"}],"container-title":["Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00262-025-04229-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00262-025-04229-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00262-025-04229-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T16:02:33Z","timestamp":1764604953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00262-025-04229-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4229"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00262-025-04229-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-0851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-0851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Consent for publication have been obtained from all individual patients that participated in the POLARSTAR trial.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The POLARSTAR trial was pre-registered on Clinicaltrials.gov with the identifying number of NCT05245474.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial registration"}},{"value":"The randomized POLARSTAR trial was approved and monitored by the ethical committee of Beijing Friendship Hospital, with the identifying serial number of 2022-P2-050-01. All animal experiments were approved by the same committee, with the identifying serial number of 20-2033.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"369"}}