{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T23:18:46Z","timestamp":1785453526244,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,30]],"date-time":"2017-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506729600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Orthopaedics (SICOT)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3647-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]],"date-time":"2017-09-29T19:27:54Z","timestamp":1506713274000},"page":"2447-2455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Diagnostic accuracy of alpha-defensin in periprosthetic joint infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bibo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianmin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"3647_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parvizi J, Pawasarat IM, Azzam KA, Joshi A, Hansen EN, Bozic KJ (2010) Periprosthetic joint infection: the economic impact of methicillin-resistant infections. J Arthroplast 25:103\u2013107. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2010.04.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2010.04.011"},{"key":"3647_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0945-0","volume":"468","author":"KJ Bozic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bozic KJ, Kurtz SM, Lau E, Ong K, Chiu V, Vail TP, Rubash HE, Berry DJ (2010) The epidemiology of revision total knee arthroplasty in the United States. Clin Orthop Relat Res 468:45\u201351. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-009-0945-0","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"3647_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000087324.60612.93","volume":"414","author":"A Trampuz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Trampuz A, Osmon DR, Hanssen AD, Steckelberg JM, Patel R (2003) Molecular and antibiofilm approaches to prosthetic joint infection. Clin Orthop Relat Res 414:69\u201388. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.blo.0000087324.60612.93","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"3647_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0905029","volume":"361","author":"JL Pozo Del","year":"2009","unstructured":"Del Pozo JL, Patel R (2009) Clinical practice. Infection associated with prosthetic joints. N Engl J Med 361:787\u2013794. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMcp0905029","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"3647_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.5435\/jaaos-d-14-00385","volume":"23","author":"SR Nodzo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nodzo SR, Bauer T, Pottinger PS, Garrigues GE, Bedair H, Deirmengian CA, Segreti J, Blount KJ, Omar IM, Parvizi J (2015) Conventional diagnostic challenges in periprosthetic joint infection. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 23(Suppl):S18\u2013S25. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.5435\/jaaos-d-14-00385","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3647_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061588","volume":"357","author":"A Trampuz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Trampuz A, Piper KE, Jacobson MJ, Hanssen AD, Unni KK, Osmon DR, Mandrekar JN, Cockerill FR, Steckelberg JM, Greenleaf JF, Patel R (2007) Sonication of removed hip and knee prostheses for diagnosis of infection. N Engl J Med 357:654\u2013663. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa061588","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3647_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2014.03.021","volume":"79","author":"SY Ryu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ryu SY, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, Hanssen AD, Mandrekar JN, Patel R (2014) Low sensitivity of periprosthetic tissue PCR for prosthetic knee infection diagnosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 79:448\u2013453. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2014.03.021","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"3647_CR8","first-page":"578","volume":"30","author":"H Morbach","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morbach H, Schneider P, Schwarz T, Hofmann C, Raab P, Neubauer H, Duren C, Beer M, Girschick HJ (2012) Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and 99mTechnetium-labelled methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy in the initial assessment of chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis of childhood and adolescents. Clin Exp Rheumatol 30:578\u2013582","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"3647_CR9","first-page":"276","volume":"171","author":"RI Lehrer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lehrer RI, Ganz T (1992) Defensins: endogenous antibiotic peptides from human leukocytes. CIBA Found Symp 171:276\u2013290 discussion 290-273","journal-title":"CIBA Found Symp"},{"key":"3647_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wyatt MC, Beswick AD, Kunutsor SK, Wilson MJ, Whitehouse MR, Blom AW (2016) The alpha-defensin immunoassay and leukocyte esterase colorimetric strip test for the diagnosis of periprosthetic infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 98:992\u20131000. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.15.01142","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.15.01142"},{"key":"3647_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xie K, Qu X, Yan M (2016) Procalcitonin and alpha-defensin for diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections. J Arthroplast. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2016.10.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2016.10.001"},{"issue":"264\u2013269","key":"3647_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"w264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","volume":"151","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med 151(264\u2013269):w264","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"3647_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","volume":"155","author":"PF Whiting","year":"2011","unstructured":"Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, Mallett S, Deeks JJ, Reitsma JB, Leeflang MM, Sterne JA, Bossuyt PM (2011) QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med 155:529\u2013536. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"3647_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG (2003) Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ (Clin Res Ed) 327:557\u2013560. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"3647_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00177-X","volume":"56","author":"AS Glas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Glas AS, Lijmer JG, Prins MH, Bonsel GJ, Bossuyt PM (2003) The diagnostic odds ratio: a single indicator of test performance. J Clin Epidemiol 56:1129\u20131135","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"3647_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7382.219","volume":"326","author":"DG Altman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Altman DG, Bland JM (2003) Interaction revisited: the difference between two estimates. BMJ (Clin Res Ed) 326:219","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"3647_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm197507312930513","volume":"293","author":"TJ Fagan","year":"1975","unstructured":"Fagan TJ (1975) Letter: Nomogram for Bayes theorem. N Engl J Med 293:257. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejm197507312930513","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3647_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-2102-9","volume":"469","author":"J Parvizi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parvizi J, Zmistowski B, Berbari EF, Bauer TW, Springer BD, Della Valle CJ, Garvin KL, Mont MA, Wongworawat MD, Zalavras CG (2011) New definition for periprosthetic joint infection: from the Workgroup of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society. Clin Orthop Relat Res 469:2992\u20132994. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-011-2102-9","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"3647_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frangiamore SJ, Saleh A, Grosso MJ, Kovac MF, Higuera CA, Iannotti JP, Ricchetti ET (2015) alpha-defensin as a predictor of periprosthetic shoulder infection. J Shoulder Elb Surg 24:1021\u20131027. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2014.12.021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.12.021"},{"key":"3647_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4006","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3900-7","volume":"472","author":"J Bingham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bingham J, Clarke H, Spangehl M, Schwartz A, Beauchamp C, Goldberg B (2014) The alpha defensin-1 biomarker assay can be used to evaluate the potentially infected total joint arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res 472:4006\u20134009. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-014-3900-7","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"3647_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3254","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3543-8","volume":"472","author":"C Deirmengian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deirmengian C, Kardos K, Kilmartin P, Cameron A, Schiller K, Parvizi J (2014) Diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection: has the era of the biomarker arrived? Clin Orthop Relat Res 472:3254\u20133262. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-014-3543-8","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"3647_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.m.01316","volume":"96","author":"C Deirmengian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deirmengian C, Kardos K, Kilmartin P, Cameron A, Schiller K, Parvizi J (2014) Combined measurement of synovial fluid alpha-Defensin and C-reactive protein levels: highly accurate for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection. J Bone Joint Surg Am 96:1439\u20131445. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.m.01316","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"3647_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3722-7","volume":"473","author":"C Deirmengian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deirmengian C, Kardos K, Kilmartin P, Cameron A, Schiller K, Booth RE Jr, Parvizi J (2015) The alpha-defensin test for periprosthetic joint infection outperforms the leukocyte esterase test strip. Clin Orthop Relat Res 473:198\u2013203. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-014-3722-7","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"3647_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deirmengian C, Kardos K, Kilmartin P, Gulati S, Citrano P, Booth RE Jr (2015) The alpha-defensin test for periprosthetic joint infection responds to a wide spectrum of organisms. Clin Orthop Relat Res 473:2229\u20132235. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-015-4152-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-015-4152-x"},{"key":"3647_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bonanzinga T, Zahar A, Dutsch M, Lausmann C, Kendoff D, Gehrke T (2016) How reliable is the alpha-defensin immunoassay test for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection? A prospective study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-016-4906-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-4906-0"},{"key":"3647_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frangiamore SJ, Gajewski ND, Saleh A, Farias-Kovac M, Barsoum WK, Higuera CA (2016) Alpha-defensin accuracy to diagnose periprosthetic joint infection-best available test? J Arthroplast 31:456\u2013460. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2015.09.035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2015.09.035"},{"key":"3647_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kasparek MF, Kasparek M, Boettner F, Faschingbauer M, Hahne J, Dominkus M (2016) Intraoperative diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection using a novel alpha-defensin lateral flow assay. J Arthroplast. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2016.05.033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2016.05.033"},{"key":"3647_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Suda AJ, Tinelli M, Beisemann ND, Weil Y, Khoury A, Bischel OE (2017) Diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection using alpha-defensin test or multiplex-PCR: ideal diagnostic test still not found. Int Orthop 41:1307-1313. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-017-3412-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3412-7"},{"key":"3647_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.99b1.bjj-2016-0295.r1","volume":"99-b","author":"IK Sigmund","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sigmund IK, Holinka J, Gamper J, Staats K, Bohler C, Kubista B, Windhager R (2017) Qualitative alpha-defensin test (Synovasure) for the diagnosis of periprosthetic infection in revision total joint arthroplasty. Bone Joint J 99-b:66\u201372. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.99b1.bjj-2016-0295.r1","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"3647_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.l.01646","volume":"95","author":"CP Christensen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Christensen CP, Bedair H, Della Valle CJ, Parvizi J, Schurko B, Jacobs CA (2013) The natural progression of synovial fluid white blood-cell counts and the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells after primary total knee arthroplasty: a multicenter study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 95:2081\u20132087. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.l.01646","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"3647_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bauer TW, Hayashi R (2012) The role of the pathologist in diagnosing periprosthetic infection. Surg Pathol Clin 5:67\u201377. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.path.2011.10.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2011.10.001"},{"key":"3647_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.09.015","volume":"29","author":"MT Milone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Milone MT, Kamath AF, Israelite CL (2014) Converting between high- and low-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the assessment of periprosthetic joint infection. J Arthroplast 29:685\u2013689. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2013.09.015","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"3647_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ286","volume":"61","author":"M Ettinger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ettinger M, Calliess T, Kielstein JT, Sibai J, Bruckner T, Lichtinghagen R, Windhagen H, Lukasz A (2015) Circulating biomarkers for discrimination between aseptic joint failure, low-grade infection, and high-grade septic failure. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am 61:332\u2013341. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/civ286","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am"},{"key":"3647_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.1.160019","volume":"1","author":"A Shahi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shahi A, Parvizi J (2016) The role of biomarkers in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection. EFORT Open Rev 1:275\u2013278. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2058-5241.1.160019","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"key":"3647_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alvand A, Rezapoor M, Parvizi J (2017) The role of biomarkers for the diagnosis of implant-related infections in orthopaedics and trauma. Adv Exp Med Biol 971:69\u201379. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/5584_2017_11","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2017_11"},{"key":"3647_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shahi A, Parvizi J, Kazarian GS, Higuera C, Frangiamore S, Bingham J, Beauchamp C, Valle CD, Deirmengian C (2016) The alpha-defensin test for periprosthetic joint infections is not affected by prior antibiotic administration. Clin Orthop Relat Res 474:1610\u20131615. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-016-4726-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-4726-2"}],"container-title":["International Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00264-017-3647-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00264-017-3647-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00264-017-3647-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]],"date-time":"2017-11-09T03:40:31Z","timestamp":1510198831000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00264-017-3647-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,30]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-017-3647-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0341-2695","1432-5195"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0341-2695","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5195","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,30]]}}}