{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:19:59Z","timestamp":1790086799494,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]],"date-time":"2018-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Orthopaedics (SICOT)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-018-4116-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]],"date-time":"2018-08-23T13:32:32Z","timestamp":1535031152000},"page":"151-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Total knee arthroplasty in the varus knee: tips and tricks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Cottino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Bruzzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Dettoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide Edoardo","family":"Bonasia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Rosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"4116_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-009-0755-7","volume":"17","author":"PC Verdonk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Verdonk PC, Pernin J, Pinaroli A, Ait Si Selmi T, Neyret P (2009) Soft tissue balancing in varus total knee arthroplasty: an algorithmic approach. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 17:660\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-009-0755-7","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"4116_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2007.01.017","volume":"22","author":"A Mullaji","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mullaji A, Marawar S, Sharma A (2007) Correcting varus deformity. J Arthroplast 22:15\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2007.01.017","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"4116_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-017-2626-x","volume":"137","author":"E Thienpont","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thienpont E, Schwab PE, Cornu O, Bellemans J, Victor J (2017) Bone morphotypes of the varus and valgus knee. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 137:393\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-017-2626-x","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"4116_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200912000-00005","volume":"17","author":"WM Mihalko","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mihalko WM, Saleh KJ, Krackow KA, Whiteside LA (2009) Soft-tissue balancing during total knee arthroplasty in the varus knee. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 17:766\u2013774","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"4116_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1936-5","volume":"470","author":"J Bellemans","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bellemans J, Colyn W, Vandenneucker H, Victor J (2012) The Chitranjan Ranawat award: is neutral mechanical alignment normal for all patients? The concept of constitutional varus. Clin Orthop Relat Res 470:45\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-011-1936-5","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"4116_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-3994-4","volume":"25","author":"PTK Vandekerckhove","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vandekerckhove PTK, Matlovich N, Teeter MG, MacDonald SJ, Howard JL, Lanting BA (2017) The relationship between constitutional alignment and varus osteoarthritis of the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 25:2873\u20132879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-016-3994-4","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"4116_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.11.021","volume":"85","author":"F Gao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gao F, Ma J, Sun W, Guo W, Li Z, Wang W (2016) The influence of knee malalignment on the ankle alignment in varus and valgus gonarthrosis based on radiographic measurement. Eur J Radiol 85:228\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.11.021","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"4116_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3801-9","volume":"473","author":"AA Norton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Norton AA, Callaghan JJ, Amendola A, Phisitkul P, Wongsak S, Liu SS, Fruehling-Wall C (2015) Correlation of knee and hindfoot deformities in advanced knee OA: compensatory hindfoot alignment and where it occurs. Clin Orthop Relat Res 473:166\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-014-3801-9","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"4116_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1703-z","volume":"469","author":"A Mullaji","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mullaji A, Shetty GM (2011) Persistent hindfoot valgus causes lateral deviation of weightbearing axis after total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res 469:1154\u20131160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-010-1703-z","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"4116_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3269-x","volume":"23","author":"J Muylder De","year":"2015","unstructured":"De Muylder J, Victor J, Cornu O, Kaminski L, Thienpont E (2015) Total knee arthroplasty in patients with substantial deformities using primary knee components. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 23:3653\u20133659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-014-3269-x","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"4116_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-3077-5","volume":"472","author":"AB Mullaji","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mullaji AB, Shetty GM (2014) Correction of varus deformity during TKA with reduction osteotomy. Clin Orthop Relat Res 472:126\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-013-3077-5","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"4116_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2016.03.034","volume":"31","author":"E Thienpont","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thienpont E, Parvizi J (2016) A new classification for the varus knee. J Arthroplast 31:2156\u20132160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2016.03.034","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"4116_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-013-2227-4","volume":"38","author":"R Rossi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rossi R, Rosso F, Cottino U, Dettoni F, Bonasia DE, Bruzzone M (2014) Total knee arthroplasty in the valgus knee. Int Orthop 38:273\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-013-2227-4","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"4116_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-14-00332","volume":"24","author":"M Tanzer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tanzer M, Makhdom AM (2016) Preoperative planning in primary total knee arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 24:220\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5435\/JAAOS-D-14-00332","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"4116_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B1.36207","volume":"98-B","author":"AB Mullaji","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mullaji AB, Shetty GM (2016) Correcting deformity in total knee arthroplasty: techniques to avoid the release of collateral ligaments in severely deformed knees. Bone Joint J 98-B:101\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.98B1.36207","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"4116_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.94B5.27211","volume":"94","author":"A Mullaji","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mullaji A, Lingaraju AP, Shetty GM (2012) Computer-assisted total knee replacement in patients with arthritis and a recurvatum deformity. J Bone Joint Surg Br 94:642\u2013647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.94B5.27211","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"4116_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.48.3.227","volume":"48","author":"ML Jenkinson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jenkinson ML, Bliss MR, Brain AT, Scott DL (1989) Peripheral arthritis in the elderly: a hospital study. Ann Rheum Dis 48:227\u2013231","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"4116_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.01444","volume":"94","author":"M Meftah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meftah M, Blum YC, Raja D, Ranawat AS, Ranawat CS (2012) Correcting fixed varus deformity with flexion contracture during total knee arthroplasty: the \u201cinside-out\u201d technique: AAOS exhibit selection. J Bone Joint Surg Am 94:e66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.K.01444","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"4116_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280030201","volume":"28","author":"FR Noyes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Noyes FR, Barber-Westin SD, Hewett TE (2000) High tibial osteotomy and ligament reconstruction for varus angulated anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees. Am J Sports Med 28:282\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03635465000280030201","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1164\u20131169","key":"4116_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2009.05.005","volume":"24","author":"A Mullaji","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mullaji A, Shetty GM (2009) Computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty for arthritis with extra-articular deformity. J Arthroplast 24(1164\u20131169):e1161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2009.05.005","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"4116_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laskin RS (1996) The Insall Award. Total knee replacement with posterior cruciate ligament retention in patients with a fixed varus deformity. Clin Orthop Relat Res 331:29\u201334","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199610000-00005"},{"key":"4116_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v88i2-S.6521","volume":"88","author":"P Adravanti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adravanti P, Vasta S (2017) Varus-valgus constrained implants in total knee arthroplasty: indications and technique. Acta Biomed 88:112\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23750\/abm.v88i2-S.6521","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"4116_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-017-5230-z","volume":"475","author":"SI Pancio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pancio SI, Sousa PL, Krych AJ, Abdel MP, Levy BA, Dahm DL, Stuart MJ (2017) Increased risk of revision, reoperation, and implant constraint in TKA after multiligament knee surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res 475:1618\u20131626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-017-5230-z","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"4116_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2005.09.008","volume":"21","author":"PF Lachiewicz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lachiewicz PF, Soileau ES (2006) Ten-year survival and clinical results of constrained components in primary total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplast 21:803\u2013808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2005.09.008","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"4116_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Crawford DA, Law JI, Lombardi AV, Jr., Berend KR (2018) Midlevel constraint without stem extensions in primary total knee arthroplasty provides stability without compromising fixation. J Arthroplast. 33(9):2800\u20132803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2018.03.070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.03.070"},{"key":"4116_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clayton ML, Thompson TR, Mack RP (1986) Correction of alignment deformities during total knee arthroplasties: staged soft-tissue releases. Clin Orthop Relat Res 202:117\u2013124","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198601000-00014"},{"key":"4116_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Engh GA (2003) The difficult knee: severe varus and valgus. Clin Orthop Relat Res 416:58\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.blo.0000092987.12414.fc","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000092987.12414.fc"},{"key":"4116_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670610045849","volume":"77","author":"C Luring","year":"2006","unstructured":"Luring C, Bathis H, Hufner T, Grauvogel C, Perlick L, Grifka J (2006) Gap configuration and anteroposterior leg axis after sequential medial ligament release in rotating-platform total knee arthroplasty. Acta Orthop 77:149\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17453670610045849","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"4116_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456040-00002","volume":"56","author":"LA Warren","year":"1974","unstructured":"Warren LA, Marshall JL, Girgis F (1974) The prime static stabilizer of the medical side of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 56:665\u2013674","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"4116_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658050-00001","volume":"58","author":"KL Markolf","year":"1976","unstructured":"Markolf KL, Mensch JS, Amstutz HC (1976) Stiffness and laxity of the knee--the contributions of the supporting structures. A quantitative in vitro study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 58:583\u2013594","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"4116_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2008.03.018","volume":"24","author":"A Mullaji","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mullaji A, Sharma A, Marawar S, Kanna R (2009) Quantification of effect of sequential posteromedial release on flexion and extension gaps: a computer-assisted study in cadaveric knees. J Arthroplast 24:795\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2008.03.018","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"4116_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4788-z","volume":"26","author":"Y Niki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Niki Y, Nagura T, Nagai K, Kobayashi S, Harato K (2018) Kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty reduces knee adduction moment more than mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 26:1629\u20131635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-017-4788-z","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"4116_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.00440","volume":"87","author":"DG Eckhoff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eckhoff DG, Bach JM, Spitzer VM, Reinig KD, Bagur MM, Baldini TH, Flannery NM (2005) Three-dimensional mechanics, kinematics, and morphology of the knee viewed in virtual reality. J Bone Joint Surg Am 87(Suppl 2):71\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.E.00440","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"4116_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e318112416b","volume":"461","author":"D Eckhoff","year":"2007","unstructured":"Eckhoff D, Hogan C, DiMatteo L, Robinson M, Bach J (2007) Difference between the epicondylar and cylindrical axis of the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res 461:238\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BLO.0b013e318112416b","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"4116_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(99)00027-3","volume":"14","author":"JJ Liau","year":"1999","unstructured":"Liau JJ, Cheng CK, Huang CH, Lee YM, Chueh SC, Lo WH (1999) The influence of contact alignment of the tibiofemoral joint of the prostheses in in vitro biomechanical testing. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 14:717\u2013721","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"4116_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.02.024","volume":"38","author":"FW Werner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Werner FW, Ayers DC, Maletsky LP, Rullkoetter PJ (2005) The effect of valgus\/varus malalignment on load distribution in total knee replacements. J Biomech 38:349\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.02.024","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"4116_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.02.005","volume":"23","author":"AH Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang AH, Moisio KC, Chmiel JS, Eckstein F, Guermazi A, Prasad PV, Zhang Y, Almagor O, Belisle L, Hayes K, Sharma L (2015) External knee adduction and flexion moments during gait and medial tibiofemoral disease progression in knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil 23:1099\u20131106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2015.02.005","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"4116_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199807)41:7<1233::AID-ART14>3.0.CO;2-L","volume":"41","author":"L Sharma","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sharma L, Hurwitz DE, Thonar EJ, Sum JA, Lenz ME, Dunlop DD, Schnitzer TJ, Kirwan-Mellis G, Andriacchi TP (1998) Knee adduction moment, serum hyaluronan level, and disease severity in medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 41:1233\u20131240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1529-0131(199807)41:7<1233::AID-ART14>3.0.CO;2-L","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"4116_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2016.10.006","volume":"39","author":"A Mahmoudian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mahmoudian A, van Dieen JH, Bruijn SM, Baert IA, Faber GS, Luyten FP, Verschueren SM (2016) Varus thrust in women with early medial knee osteoarthritis and its relation with the external knee adduction moment. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 39:109\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2016.10.006","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"4116_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22644","volume":"32","author":"EJ Miller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miller EJ, Pagnano MW, Kaufman KR (2014) Tibiofemoral alignment in posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty: static alignment does not predict dynamic tibial plateau loading. J Orthop Res 32:1068\u20131074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.22644","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"4116_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2481-4","volume":"21","author":"L Vanlommel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vanlommel L, Vanlommel J, Claes S, Bellemans J (2013) Slight undercorrection following total knee arthroplasty results in superior clinical outcomes in varus knees. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 21:2325\u20132330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-013-2481-4","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"4116_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2010.08.010","volume":"18","author":"CB Chang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang CB, Koh IJ, Seo ES, Kang YG, Seong SC, Kim TK (2011) The radiographic predictors of symptom severity in advanced knee osteoarthritis with varus deformity. Knee 18:456\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knee.2010.08.010","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"4116_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.03.006","volume":"20","author":"GH Lo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lo GH, Tassinari AM, Driban JB, Price LL, Schneider E, Majumdar S, McAlindon TE (2012) Cross-sectional DXA and MR measures of tibial periarticular bone associate with radiographic knee osteoarthritis severity. Osteoarthr Cartil 20:686\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2012.03.006","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"4116_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2003.08.001","volume":"19","author":"MC Dixon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dixon MC, Parsch D, Brown RR, Scott RD (2004) The correction of severe varus deformity in total knee arthroplasty by tibial component downsizing and resection of uncapped proximal medial bone. J Arthroplast 19:19\u201322","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"4116_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2005.04.009","volume":"20","author":"AB Mullaji","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mullaji AB, Padmanabhan V, Jindal G (2005) Total knee arthroplasty for profound varus deformity: technique and radiological results in 173 knees with varus of more than 20 degrees. J Arthroplast 20:550\u2013561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2005.04.009","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"4116_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2004.03.009","volume":"19","author":"MA Ritter","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ritter MA, Faris GW, Faris PM, Davis KE (2004) Total knee arthroplasty in patients with angular varus or valgus deformities of > or = 20 degrees. J Arthroplast 19:862\u2013866","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"4116_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2773-x","volume":"471","author":"AB Mullaji","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mullaji AB, Shetty GM (2013) Surgical technique: computer-assisted sliding medial condylar osteotomy to achieve gap balance in varus knees during TKA. Clin Orthop Relat Res 471:1484\u20131491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-012-2773-x","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"4116_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teeny SM, Krackow KA, Hungerford DS, Jones M (1991) Primary total knee arthroplasty in patients with severe varus deformity. A comparative study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 273:19\u201331","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199112000-00005"},{"key":"4116_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2010.03.007","volume":"25","author":"J Bellemans","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bellemans J, Vandenneucker H, Van Lauwe J, Victor J (2010) A new surgical technique for medial collateral ligament balancing: multiple needle puncturing. J Arthroplast 25:1151\u20131156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2010.03.007","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"4116_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4507-9","volume":"26","author":"RD Rames","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rames RD, Mathison M, Meyer Z, Barrack RL, Nam D (2018) No impact of under-correction and joint line obliquity on clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty for the varus knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 26:1506\u20131514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-017-4507-9","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"4116_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2016.01.006","volume":"31","author":"K Goudarz Mehdikhani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goudarz Mehdikhani K, Morales Moreno B, Reid JJ, de Paz NA, Lee YY, Gonzalez Della Valle A (2016) An algorithmic, pie-crusting medial soft tissue release reduces the need for constrained inserts patients with severe varus deformity undergoing total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplast 31:1465\u20131469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2016.01.006","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"4116_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Puliero B, Favreau H, Eichler D, Adam P, Bonnomet F, Ehlinger M (2018) Total knee arthroplasty in patients with varus deformities greater than ten degrees: survival analysis at a mean ten year follow-up. Int Orthop. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-018-4019-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-018-4019-3"},{"key":"4116_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.76B6.7983123","volume":"76","author":"T Karachalios","year":"1994","unstructured":"Karachalios T, Sarangi PP, Newman JH (1994) Severe varus and valgus deformities treated by total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Br 76:938\u2013942","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"4116_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e112","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20150204-58","volume":"38","author":"HC Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu HC, Kuo FC, Huang CC, Wang JW (2015) Mini-midvastus total knee arthroplasty in patients with severe varus deformity. Orthopedics 38:e112\u2013e117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01477447-20150204-58","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"4116_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3618-8","volume":"42","author":"D Saragaglia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saragaglia D, Sigwalt L, Gaillot J, Morin V, Rubens-Duval B, Pailhe R (2018) Results with eight and a half years average follow-up on two hundred and eight e-motion FP (R) knee prostheses, fitted using computer navigation for knee osteoarthritis in patients with over ten degrees genu varum. Int Orthop 42:799\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-017-3618-8","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"4116_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3452-z","volume":"41","author":"J Czekaj","year":"2017","unstructured":"Czekaj J, Fary C, Gaillard T, Lustig S (2017) Does low-constraint mobile bearing knee prosthesis give satisfactory results for severe coronal deformities? A five to twelve year follow up study. Int Orthop 41:1369\u20131377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-017-3452-z","journal-title":"Int Orthop"}],"container-title":["International Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00264-018-4116-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00264-018-4116-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00264-018-4116-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T02:57:53Z","timestamp":1661828273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00264-018-4116-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["4116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-018-4116-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0341-2695","1432-5195"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0341-2695","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5195","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 July 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Roberto Rossi is a teaching consultant for Zimmer Biomet \u00ae, Depuy Mitek \u00ae, and Smith & Nephew \u20ac. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}