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Musculoskeletal Infection Society 2013 criteria were used. Outcome was compared with a prospective PJI cohort from the same institution.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The most common isolated streptococcal species was <jats:italic>Streptococcus dysgalactiae<\/jats:italic> (9\/22, 41%) among 22 patients included. Surgical treatment consisted of DAIR (debridement, antibiotics, irrigation and retention) in 12 (55%), one-stage revision arthroplasty in one (4%), two-stage revision arthroplasty in eight (37%) and implant removal in one (4%) patient. An infection free-outcome was achieved in 15 cases (68%), whilst seven (32%) patients failed initial revision and relapsed with the same pathogen, from which six were treated with DAIR and one with one-stage revision arthroplasty. No failures were observed in patients who received a two-stage revision. Failure rates did not differ in the cases treated with rifampin (1\/5) from those without 6\/17 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.55). There was no correlation between the length of antibiotic treatment and relapse (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.723). In all failures, a persistent distant infection focus was identified at the time of relapse. Compared with our prospective PJI cohort, relapse rates were significantly higher 32% vs 12% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>No correlation with the use of rifampin or length of antibiotic treatment was found. No failures were observed in patients who received a two-stage revision, which may be the surgical treatment of choice. A distant persisting infection focus could be the reason for PJI relapse with recurrent hematogenous seeding in the joint.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-020-04722-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T16:04:46Z","timestamp":1598544286000},"page":"57-63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Factors affecting outcome in the treatment of streptococcal periprosthetic joint infections: results from a single-centre retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3743-7033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Octavian","family":"Andronic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Achermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Jentzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flurin","family":"Bearth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schweizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Wieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro F.","family":"Fucentese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Rahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelies S.","family":"Zinkernagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick O.","family":"Zingg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4722_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.09.021","volume":"33","author":"V Boddapati","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boddapati V, Fu MC, Mayman DJ, Su EP, Sculco PK, McLawhorn AS (2018) Revision total knee arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection is associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality relative to noninfectious revisions. 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Ethical board\u2019s approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland (ID: BASEC Nr. 2017-01458). An ethical approval was obtained, and all patients signed a written informed consent form. The study was carried out in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki [].","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All patients included in the study have given written consent to participate and to have their personal data published.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate and for publication"}}]}}