{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T23:15:36Z","timestamp":1782342936632,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Orthopaedics (SICOT)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-020-04850-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T22:02:54Z","timestamp":1603404174000},"page":"2653-2663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Functional improvement in patients with Sprengel\u2019s deformity following Modified Green\u2019s procedure and simplified clavicle osteotomy\u2014a study of forty cases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5524-1678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Premal","family":"Naik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitesh","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4850_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.65B5.6643564","volume":"65","author":"DP Grogan","year":"1983","unstructured":"Grogan DP, Stanley EA, Bobechko WP (1983) The congenital undescended scapula. Surgical correction by the Woodward procedure. J Bone Jt Surg - Ser B 65(5):598\u2013605","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg - Ser B"},{"issue":"3","key":"4850_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.4055\/jkoa.1988.23.1.293","volume":"54","author":"ME Cavendish","year":"1972","unstructured":"Cavendish ME (Aug. 1972) Congenital elevation of the scapula. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 54(3):395\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4055\/jkoa.1988.23.1.293","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg (Br)"},{"issue":"5","key":"4850_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(71)80400-6","volume":"79","author":"MG Wilson","year":"1971","unstructured":"Wilson MG, Mikity VG, Shinno NW (1971) Dominant inheritance of Sprengel\u2019s deformity. J Pediatr 79(5):818\u2013821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-3476(71)80400-6","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"4850_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.37503","volume":"170","author":"FC Radio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Radio FC et al (2016) Sprengel anomaly in deletion 22q11.2 (DiGeorge\/Velo-Cardio-Facial) syndrome. Am J Med Genet Part A 170(3):661\u2013664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.37503","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part A"},{"issue":"1","key":"4850_CR5","first-page":"92","volume":"64","author":"E Baulot","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baulot E, Trouilloud P, Giroux EA, Grammont PM (1998) Ipsilateral omovertebral bones in the levator scapulae muscle and the rhomboid muscle in a Sprengel deformity: Case report. Acta Orthop Belg 64(1):92\u201395","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4850_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181919505","volume":"29","author":"JF Mooney","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mooney JF, White DR, Glazier S (2009) Previously unreported structure associated with sprengel deformity. J Pediatr Orthop 29(1):26\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181919505","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"4850_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.94B5.28624","volume":"94 B","author":"GL Di Gennaro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Di Gennaro GL, Fosco M, Spina M, Donzelli O (2012) Surgical treatment of Sprengel\u2019s shoulder. J Bone Jt Surg - Ser B 94 B(5):709\u2013712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.94B5.28624","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg - Ser B"},{"issue":"1","key":"4850_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000219","volume":"25","author":"N Nakamura","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nakamura N, Inaba Y, Machida J, Saito T (2016) Use of glenoid inclination angle for the assessment of unilateral congenital high scapula. J Pediatr Orthop Part B 25(1):54\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000219","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop Part B"},{"key":"4850_CR9","first-page":"55","volume":"21","author":"W Green","year":"1972","unstructured":"Green W (1972) Sprengel\u2019s deformity: Congenital elevation of the scapula. Instr Course Lect 21:55\u201372","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"issue":"2","key":"4850_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196143020-00010","volume":"43-A","author":"JW Woodward","year":"1961","unstructured":"Woodward JW (1961) Congenital Elevation of the Scapula. jbjs 43-A(2):219\u2013228","journal-title":"jbjs"},{"issue":"4","key":"4850_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.62B4.7430229","volume":"62-B","author":"J Wilkinson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Wilkinson J, Campbell D (Nov. 1980) Scapular osteotomy for Sprengel\u2019s shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 62-B(4):486\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.62B4.7430229","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg (Br)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4850_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/00004694-200103000-00023","volume":"21","author":"DC Mears","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mears DC (2001) Partial resection of the scapula and a release of the long head of triceps for the management of Sprengel\u2019s deformity. J Pediatr Orthop 21(2):242\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004694-200103000-00023","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"4850_CR13","first-page":"5","volume":"62","author":"P Rigault","year":"1975","unstructured":"Rigault P, Pouliquen JC, Guyonvarch G, Zujovic J (1975) Congenital elevation of the scapula in children. Anatomo-pathological and therapeutic study apropos of 27 cases. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 62(1):5\u201326 [Online]. Available: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/136019","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"issue":"2","key":"4850_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072020-00006","volume":"72","author":"SJ Leibovic","year":"1990","unstructured":"Leibovic SJ, Ehrlich MG, Zaleske DJ (1990) Sprengel deformity. J Bone Joint Surg Am 72(2):192\u2013197 [Online]. Available: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/2303505","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"125","key":"4850_CR15","first-page":"17","volume":"125","author":"DM Ross","year":"1977","unstructured":"Ross DM, Cruess RL (1977) The surgical correction of congenital elevation of the scapula. A review of seventy-seven cases. Clin Orthop Relat Res 125(125):17\u201323 [Online]. Available: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022346878802814","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4850_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679308993646","volume":"64","author":"B Greitemann","year":"1993","unstructured":"Greitemann B, Rondhuis J-J, Karbowski A (Jan. 1993) Treatment of congenital elevation of the scapula: 10 (2\u201318) year follow-up of 37 cases of Sprengel\u2019s deformity. Acta Orthop Scand 64(3):365\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17453679308993646","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"4850_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-018-2291-y","volume":"29","author":"MM Elzohairy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elzohairy MM, Salama AM (2019) Sprengel\u2019s deformity of the shoulder joint treated by Woodward operation. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 29(1):37\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-018-2291-y","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4850_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11751-011-0115-2","volume":"6","author":"FO Abuhassan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abuhassan FO (2011) Subperiosteal resection of mid-clavicle in Sprengel\u2019s deformity correction. Strateg Trauma Limb Reconstr 6(2):59\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11751-011-0115-2","journal-title":"Strateg Trauma Limb Reconstr"},{"issue":"5","key":"4850_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B5.0820711","volume":"82","author":"TJ Cho","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cho TJ, Choi IH, Chung CY, Hwang JK (2000) The Sprengel deformity. Morphometric analysis using 3D-CT and its clinical relevance. J Bone Joint Surg Br 82(5):711\u2013718 [Online]. Available: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10963171","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"2","key":"4850_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318279c656","volume":"33","author":"K Yamada","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yamada K, Suenaga N, Iwasaki N, Oizumi N, Minami A, Funakoshi T (2013) Correction in malrotation of the scapula and muscle transfer for the management of severe sprengel deformity: Static and dynamic evaluation using 3-dimensional computed tomography. J Pediatr Orthop 33(2):205\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318279c656","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"4850_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-199907000-00010","volume":"8","author":"M Bellemans","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bellemans M, Lamoureux J (1999) Results of Surgical Treatment of Sprengel Deformity by a Modified Green\u02bcs Procedure. J Pediatr Orthop B 8(3):194\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01202412-199907000-00010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"issue":"4","key":"4850_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-010-0265-7","volume":"4","author":"E Gonen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gonen E, Simsek U, Solak S, Bektaser B, Ates Y, Aydin E (2010) Long-term results of modified Green method in Sprengel\u2019s deformity. J Child Orthop 4(4):309\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11832-010-0265-7","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"4850_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181e4f5a6","volume":"30","author":"AA Ahmad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ahmad AA (2010) Surgical correction of severe sprengel deformity to allow greater postoperative range of shoulder abduction. J Pediatr Orthop 30(6):575\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181e4f5a6","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"4850_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318288b407","volume":"34","author":"A Wada","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wada A et al (2014) Sprengel deformity: Morphometric assessment and surgical treatment by the modified green procedure. J Pediatr Orthop 34(1):55\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318288b407","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"4850_CR25","first-page":"305","volume":"8","author":"CA Monterrubio","year":"1994","unstructured":"Monterrubio CA, C\u00e1zares RO (1994) Tratamiento de la deformidad de Sprengel con la t\u00e9cnica Gren modificada\/ Treatment of the Sprengel\u2019s deformity by a modified Green technique. Rev Mex Ortop Traumatol 8(6):305\u2013309","journal-title":"Rev Mex Ortop Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4850_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-20-03-177","volume":"20","author":"EJ Harvey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harvey EJ, Bernstein M, Desy NM, Saran N, Ouellet JA (2012) Sprengel deformity: Pathogenesis and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 20(3):177\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5435\/JAAOS-20-03-177","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4850_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6042.80459","volume":"5","author":"AS Kadavkolan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kadavkolan AS, Bhatia DN, Das Dasgupta B, Bhosale PB (2011) Sprengel\u2019s deformity of the shoulder: Current perspectives in management. Int J Shoulder Surg 5(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0973-6042.80459","journal-title":"Int J Shoulder Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4850_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21545","volume":"41","author":"KG Shea","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shea KG, Apel PJ, Showalter LD, Bell WL (2010) Somatosensory evoked potential monitoring of the brachial plexus during a woodward procedure for correction of Sprengel\u2019s deformity. Muscle Nerve 41(2):262\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.21545","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"6","key":"4850_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000102","volume":"23","author":"CG Fontecha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fontecha CG, Cano EN, Soldado F, Barber I (2014) Severe Sprengel deformity associated with Klippel-feil syndrome and a complex vascular abnormality that determined the corrective surgery technique. J Pediatr Orthop Part B 23(6):589\u2013593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000102","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop Part B"},{"issue":"2","key":"4850_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0878","volume":"29","author":"F Floemer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Floemer F, Magerkurth O, Jauckus C, L\u00fctschg J, Schneider JF (2008) Klippel-Feil syndrome and Sprengel deformity combined with an intraspinal course of the left subclavian artery and a bovine aortic arch variant. Am J Neuroradiol 29(2):306\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A0878","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4850_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.08.014","volume":"22","author":"FE Walstra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walstra FE, Alta TD, van der Eijken JW, Willems WJ, Ham SJ (2013) Long-term follow-up of Sprengel\u2019s deformity treated with the Woodward procedure. J Shoulder Elb Surg 22(6):752\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2012.08.014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"}],"container-title":["International Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00264-020-04850-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00264-020-04850-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00264-020-04850-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T20:04:00Z","timestamp":1634933040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00264-020-04850-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-020-04850-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0341-2695","1432-5195"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0341-2695","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5195","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"I, Dr Premal Naik (Corresponding author) and my co-author Dr Hitesh Chauhan, declare that we did not receive any financial support for this work. We or any of our family members have no commercial associations (for example consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent\/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All the data used in manuscript is original. Proper approval from institutional review board was taken prior to commencement of the study. As study involves children parental consent was taken before enrolment of the patients in this study.Dr Premal Naik operated all patients, collected data, conceptualised and prepared manuscript, co-author Dr Hitesh Chauhan assisted many surgeries, helped in data collection and manuscript preparation.We have no other disclosures.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors do not have any conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}