{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T11:04:34Z","timestamp":1793876674525,"version":"4.7.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006022","name":"Minist\u00e8re des Affaires Sociales, de la Sant\u00e9 et des Droits des Femmes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AOM 2011-A00269-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AOM 2011-A00269-32"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006022","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Orthopaedics (SICOT)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-021-05217-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T13:55:22Z","timestamp":1632405322000},"page":"2917-2926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Displaced three and four part proximal humeral fractures: prospective controlled randomized open-label two-arm study comparing intramedullary nailing and locking plate"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Boyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Couffignal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Bahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Mylle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc-Antoine","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5589-3673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben","family":"Dukan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"5217_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2006.04.130","volume":"37","author":"CM Court-Brown","year":"2006","unstructured":"Court-Brown CM, Caesar B (2006) Epidemiology of adult fractures: a review. Injury 37:691\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2006.04.130","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"5217_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2014.09.017","volume":"100","author":"M Maravic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maravic M, Briot K, Roux C (2014) Burden of proximal humerus fractures in the French National Hospital Database. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 100:931\u2013934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2014.09.017","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"5217_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2013.0591","volume":"110","author":"KJ Burkhart","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burkhart KJ, Dietz SO, Bastian L et al (2013) The treatment of proximal humeral fracture in adults. Dtsch Arzteblatt Int 110:591\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2013.0591","journal-title":"Dtsch Arzteblatt Int"},{"key":"5217_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2012.05.013","volume":"98","author":"A Roux","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roux A, Decroocq L, El Batti S et al (2012) Epidemiology of proximal humerus fractures managed in a trauma center. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res OTSR 98:715\u2013719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2012.05.013","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res OTSR"},{"key":"5217_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197052060-00002","volume":"52","author":"C Neer","year":"1970","unstructured":"Neer C (1970) Displaced proximal humeral fractures: PART II. Treatment of three-part and four-part displacement. J Bone Jt Surg 52:1090\u20131103","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg"},{"key":"5217_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2016.09.015","volume":"102","author":"F Gadea","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gadea F, Favard L, Boileau P et al (2016) Fixation of 4-part fractures of the proximal humerus: can we identify radiological criteria that support locking plates or IM nailing? Comparative, retrospective study of 107 cases. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res OTSR 102:963\u2013970. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2016.09.015","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res OTSR"},{"key":"5217_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.1629","volume":"313","author":"A Rangan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rangan A, Handoll H, Brealey S et al (2015) Surgical vs nonsurgical treatment of adults with displaced fractures of the proximal humerus: the PROFHER randomized clinical trial. JAMA 313:1037\u20131047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2015.1629","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5217_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.08.025","volume":"28","author":"P Boileau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boileau P, Alta TD, Decroocq L et al (2019) Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for acute fractures in the elderly: is it worth reattaching the tuberosities? J Shoulder Elbow Surg 28:437\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2018.08.025","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5217_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-012-0181-8","volume":"96","author":"B Schliemann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schliemann B, Siemoneit J, Theisen C et al (2012) Complex fractures of the proximal humerus in the elderly\u2013outcome and complications after locking plate fixation. Musculoskelet Surg 96(Suppl 1):S3-11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12306-012-0181-8","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Surg"},{"key":"5217_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230949901771393","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499017713934","volume":"25","author":"TD Hao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hao TD, Huat AWT (2017) Surgical technique and early outcomes of intramedullary nailing of displaced proximal humeral fractures in an Asian population using a contemporary straight nail design. J Orthop Surg 25:2309499017713934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2309499017713934","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"key":"5217_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2017.02.008","volume":"6","author":"W Kanchanatawan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kanchanatawan W, Suppauksorn S, Chobpenthai T et al (2017) Surgical technique for open reduction\u2013internal fixation of an unstable displaced 3-part proximal humeral fracture using a proximal humeral locking plate. Arthrosc Tech 6:e807\u2013e813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eats.2017.02.008","journal-title":"Arthrosc Tech"},{"key":"5217_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2017.01.053","volume":"33","author":"JD Harris","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harris JD, Brand JC, Cote MP et al (2017) Research pearls: the significance of statistics and perils of pooling. Part 1: clinical versus statistical significance. Arthroscopy 33:1102\u20131112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2017.01.053","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"5217_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0618-y","volume":"16","author":"B Bockmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bockmann B, Buecking B, Franz D et al (2015) Mid-term results of a less-invasive locking plate fixation method for proximal humeral fractures: a prospective observational study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 16:160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-015-0618-y","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"5217_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.02.003","volume":"25","author":"MEC Gracitelli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gracitelli MEC, Malavolta EA, Assun\u00e7\u00e3o JH et al (2016) Locking intramedullary nails compared with locking plates for two- and three-part proximal humeral surgical neck fractures: a randomized controlled trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 25:695\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2016.02.003","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"5217_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1410-8","volume":"36","author":"G Konrad","year":"2012","unstructured":"Konrad G, Hirschm\u00fcller A, Audige L et al (2012) Comparison of two different locking plates for two-, three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures\u2013results of an international multicentre study. Int Orthop 36:1051\u20131058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-011-1410-8","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"5217_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(16)30848-8","volume":"47","author":"M Lange","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lange M, Brandt D, Mittlmeier T, Gradl G (2016) Proximal humeral fractures: non-operative treatment versus intramedullary nailing in 2-, 3- and 4-part fractures. Injury 47(Suppl 7):S14\u2013S19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0020-1383(16)30848-8","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"5217_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2012.01.008","volume":"98","author":"H Thomazeau","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thomazeau H, Richou J, Benkalfalte T et al (2012) Is it worth fixing proximal humeral fractures at increased vascular risk? Orthop Traumatol Surg Res OTSR 98:383\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2012.01.008","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res OTSR"},{"key":"5217_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-014-1493-1","volume":"25","author":"C Cuny","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cuny C, Goetzmann T, Dedome D et al (2015) Antegrade nailing evolution for proximal humeral fractures, the Telegraph IV(\u00ae): a study of 67 patients. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol Orthop Traumatol 25:287\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-014-1493-1","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"5217_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.12.028","volume":"24","author":"B Schliemann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schliemann B, Hartensuer R, Koch T et al (2015) Treatment of proximal humerus fractures with a CFR-PEEK plate: 2-year results of a prospective study and comparison to fixation with a conventional locking plate. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 24:1282\u20131288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2014.12.028","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"5217_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(16)30602-7","volume":"47","author":"HJ Aguado","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aguado HJ, Mingo J, Torres M et al (2016) Minimally invasive polyaxial locking plate osteosynthesis for 3\u20134 part proximal humeral fractures: our institutional experience. Injury 47(Suppl 3):S22\u2013S28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0020-1383(16)30602-7","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"5217_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-011-0916-5","volume":"23","author":"C Cuny","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cuny C, Baumann C, Mayer J et al (2013) AST classification of proximal humeral fractures: introduction and interobserver reliability assessment. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 23:35\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-011-0916-5","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"5217_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(16)30849-X","volume":"47","author":"M Wanzl","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wanzl M, Foehr P, Schreiber U et al (2016) Biomechanical testing to evaluate the cut-through resistance of intramedullary nails for the proximal humerus. Injury 47(Suppl 7):S20\u2013S24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0020-1383(16)30849-X","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"5217_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.07.010","volume":"28","author":"P Boileau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boileau P, d\u2019Ollonne T, Bessi\u00e8re C et al (2019) Displaced humeral surgical neck fractures: classification and results of third-generation percutaneous intramedullary nailing. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 28:276\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2018.07.010","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"5217_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2019.11.004","volume":"106","author":"C Muccioli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muccioli C, Chelli M, Caudal A et al (2020) Rotator cuff integrity and shoulder function after intra-medullary humerus nailing. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res OTSR 106:17\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2019.11.004","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res OTSR"},{"key":"5217_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-014-2433-8","volume":"39","author":"R Ortmaier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ortmaier R, Mattiassich G, Pumberger M et al (2015) Comparison between reverse shoulder arthroplasty and Humerusblock in three- and four-part proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients. Int Orthop 39:335\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-014-2433-8","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"5217_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.06.008","volume":"22","author":"B Jost","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jost B, Spross C, Grehn H, Gerber C (2013) Locking plate fixation of fractures of the proximal humerus: analysis of complications, revision strategies and outcome. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 22:542\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2012.06.008","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"5217_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S209","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00504-8","volume":"18","author":"JA Baron","year":"1996","unstructured":"Baron JA, Barrett JA, Karagas MR (1996) The epidemiology of peripheral fractures. Bone 18:S209\u2013S213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00504-8","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"5217_CR28","first-page":"3","volume":"223","author":"C Neer","year":"1987","unstructured":"Neer C (1987) Displaced proximal hurneral fractures: Part I. Classification and evaluation Clin Orthop 223:3\u201310","journal-title":"Classification and evaluation Clin Orthop"},{"key":"5217_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047","volume":"194","author":"NE Lane","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lane NE (2006) Epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 194:S3-11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5217_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00006","volume":"91","author":"N S\u00fcdkamp","year":"2009","unstructured":"S\u00fcdkamp N, Bayer J, Hepp P et al (2009) Open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures with use of the locking proximal humerus plate: results of a prospective, multicenter, observational study. J Bone Jt Surg 91:1320\u20131328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.H.00006","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg"},{"key":"5217_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2017.09.002","volume":"48","author":"S Du","year":"2017","unstructured":"Du S, Ye J, Chen H et al (2017) Interventions for treating 3- or 4-part proximal humeral fractures in elderly patient: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg Lond Engl 48:240\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2017.09.002","journal-title":"Int J Surg Lond Engl"},{"key":"5217_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.02.024","volume":"25","author":"F Grubhofer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grubhofer F, Wieser K, Meyer DC et al (2016) Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for acute head-splitting, 3- and 4-part fractures of the proximal humerus in the elderly. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 25:1690\u20131698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2016.02.024","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"5217_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.10.013","volume":"26","author":"TA Roberson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roberson TA, Granade CM, Hunt Q et al (2017) Nonoperative management versus reverse shoulder arthroplasty for treatment of 3- and 4-part proximal humeral fractures in older adults. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 26:1017\u20131022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2016.10.013","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"5217_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.05.030","volume":"27","author":"X Ohl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ohl X, Bonnevialle N, Gallinet D et al (2018) How the greater tuberosity affects clinical outcomes after reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humeral fractures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 27:2139\u20132144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2018.05.030","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"}],"container-title":["International Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00264-021-05217-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00264-021-05217-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00264-021-05217-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T01:04:36Z","timestamp":1641517476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00264-021-05217-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["5217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-021-05217-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0341-2695","1432-5195"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0341-2695","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5195","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was registered with the identifier NCT01557413 and was approved by the French IDFIV IRB with the number 2011-A00269-32. The result of the study was reported according to the recommendation of CONSORT guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Obtain from each patient and from the ethic committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Obtain from each patient and from the ethic committee.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}