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Subjective scores of pain, by a visual analog scale (VAS), were constantly monitored and the following evaluation time points were considered for the analysis: pre-surgery (PRE), the first (POST1), the fourth (POST4), and the tenth day (POST10) after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sleep quantity and timing parameters did not differ from PRE to POST10, during the hospitalization whereas sleep efficiency and immobility time significantly decreased at POST1 compared to PRE by 10.8% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.003; ES: 0.9, moderate) and 9.4% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.005; ES: 0.86, moderate) respectively, and sleep latency increased by 18.7 min (+320%) at POST1 compared to PRE (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.046; ES: 0.70, moderate). Overall, all sleep quality parameters showed a trend of constant improvement from POST1 to POST10. VAS scores were higher in the first\u00a0day post-surgery (4.58 \u00b1 2.46; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.0011 and ES: 1.40, large) compared to POST10 (1.68 \u00b1 1.58). During the time, mean VAS showed significant negative correlations with mean sleep efficiency (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.71; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.021). <\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sleep quantity and timing parameters were stable during the entire hospitalization whereas sleep quality parameters significantly worsened the first night after surgery compared to the pre-surgery night. High scores of pain were associated with lower overall sleep quality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-023-05862-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,10]],"date-time":"2023-06-10T05:01:37Z","timestamp":1686373297000},"page":"1929-1938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["How do patients sleep after orthopaedic surgery? 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