{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:30:19Z","timestamp":1789187419262,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Orthopaedics (SICOT)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-025-06485-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T08:48:15Z","timestamp":1741250895000},"page":"1439-1450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anatomical considerations, diagnosis, and treatment of medial and posterolateral elbow rotatory instability in athletes: an arthroscopic perspective and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Michail","family":"Kotsapas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Giotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frantzeska","family":"Zampeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Giannatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Koutserimpas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zinon","family":"Kokkalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Karadimos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Koukos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1 Suppl S","key":"6485_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.09.031","volume":"14","author":"BF Morrey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Morrey BF, An KN (2005) Stability of the elbow: osseous constraints. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 14(1 Suppl S):174S-178S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2004.09.031","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"1 Suppl S","key":"6485_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.09.032","volume":"14","author":"MR Safran","year":"2005","unstructured":"Safran MR, Baillargeon D (2005) Soft-tissue stabilizers of the elbow. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 14(1 Suppl S):179S-185S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2004.09.032","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"6485_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1136\/jisakos-2019-000316","volume":"6","author":"A Marinelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marinelli A, Graves BR, Bain GI, Pederzini L (2021) Treatment of elbow instability: State of the art. J ISAKOS 6(2):102\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jisakos-2019-000316","journal-title":"J ISAKOS"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"6485_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-016-0424-1","volume":"100","author":"A Marinelli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marinelli A, Guerra E, Rotini R (2016) Elbow instability: Are we able to classify it? Review of the literature and proposal of an all-inclusive classification system. Musculoskelet Surg 100(Suppl 1):61\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12306-016-0424-1","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"6485_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2020.08.035","volume":"9","author":"M Amarasooriya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amarasooriya M, Phadnis J (2020) Arthroscopic diagnosis of posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. Arthrosc Tech 9(12):e1951\u2013e1956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eats.2020.08.035","journal-title":"Arthrosc Tech"},{"issue":"12","key":"6485_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.160033","volume":"1","author":"MC Mica","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mica MC, Caekebeke P, van Riet R (2016) Lateral collateral ligament injuries of the elbow - Chronic posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI). EFORT Open Rev 1(12):461\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2058-5241.160033","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"6485_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173030-00015","volume":"73","author":"SW O\u2019Driscoll","year":"1991","unstructured":"O\u2019Driscoll SW, Bell DF, Morrey BF (1991) Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. J Bone Joint Surg Am 73(3):440\u2013446","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"6485_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.02.036","volume":"25","author":"SA Mahure","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mahure SA, Mollon B, Shamah SD, Kwon YW, Rokito AS (2016) Disproportionate trends in ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction: projections through 2025 and a literature review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 25(6):1005\u20131012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2016.02.036","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"6485_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.11.026","volume":"47","author":"MD Gehrman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gehrman MD, Grandizio LC (2022) Elbow ulnar collateral ligament injuries in throwing athletes: diagnosis and management. J Hand Surg Am 47(3):266\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.11.026","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"6485_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.2.160037","volume":"2","author":"FH Savoie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Savoie FH, O\u2019Brien M (2017) Chronic medial instability of the elbow. EFORT Open Rev 2(1):1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2058-5241.2.160037","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"6485_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s11678-018-0465-1","volume":"13","author":"L Willemot","year":"2018","unstructured":"Willemot L, Hendrikx FR, Byrne AM, van Riet RP (2018) Valgus instability of the elbow: acute and chronic form. Obere Extrem 13(3):173\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11678-018-0465-1","journal-title":"Obere Extrem"},{"issue":"4","key":"6485_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering5040084","volume":"5","author":"M Rahman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rahman M, Cil A, Stylianou AP (2018) Medial collateral ligament deficiency of the elbow joint: a computational approach. Bioengineering 5(4):84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering5040084","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"issue":"8","key":"6485_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668080-00004","volume":"68","author":"FW Jobe","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jobe FW, Stark H, Lombardo SJ (1986) Reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament in athletes. J Bone Joint Surg Am 68(8):1158\u20131163","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"6485_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2510","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513509051","volume":"42","author":"JN Watson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Watson JN, McQueen P, Hutchinson MR (2014) A systematic review of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction techniques. Am J Sports Med 42(10):2510\u20132516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546513509051","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"6485_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520934778","volume":"49","author":"CJ Hadley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hadley CJ, Edelman D, Arevalo A, Patel N, Ciccotti MG, Dodson CC (2021) Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in adolescents: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med 49(5):1355\u20131362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546520934778","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"6485_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967115618914","volume":"3","author":"BJ Erickson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Erickson BJ, Chalmers PN, Bush-Joseph CA, Verma NN, Romeo AA (2015) Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction of the elbow: a systematic review of the literature. Orthop J Sport Med 3(12):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2325967115618914","journal-title":"Orthop J Sport Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6485_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232596711876821","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118768216","volume":"6","author":"RA Jack 2nd","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jack RA 2nd, Sochacki KR, Morehouse HA, McCulloch PC, Lintner DM, Harris JD (2018) Correlation between quality of evidence and number of citations in top 50 cited articles on elbow medial ulnar collateral ligament surgery. Orthop J Sports Med 6(4):2325967118768216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2325967118768216","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"6485_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2016.11.025","volume":"42","author":"LE Karbach","year":"2017","unstructured":"Karbach LE, Elfar J (2017) Elbow instability: anatomy, biomechanics, diagnostic maneuvers, and testing. J Hand Surg Am 42(2):118\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2016.11.025","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"6485_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2007.12.001","volume":"39","author":"CD Bryce","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bryce CD, Armstrong AD (2008) Anatomy and biomechanics of the elbow. Orthop Clin North Am 39(2):141\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ocl.2007.12.001","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1S","key":"6485_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2022.103449","volume":"109","author":"Y Carlier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Carlier Y, Soubeyrand M (2023) Chronic elbow instability in adults: the why, when and how of ligament reconstruction. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 109(1S):103449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2022.103449","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"6485_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4530-x","volume":"25","author":"P Arrigoni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arrigoni P, Cucchi D, D\u2019Ambrosi R (2017) Butt U, Safran MR, Denard P, Randelli P (2017) Intra-articular findings in symptomatic minor instability of the lateral elbow (SMILE). Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 25:2255\u20132263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-017-4530-x","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"6","key":"6485_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23991","volume":"36","author":"D Noriego","year":"2023","unstructured":"Noriego D, Carrera A, Tubbs RS, Guibernau J, San Mill\u00e1n M, Iwanaga J, Cateura A, Sa\u00f1udo J, Reina F (2023) The lateral ulnar collateral ligament: Anatomical and structural study for clinical application in the diagnosis and treatment of elbow lateral ligament injuries. Clin Anat 36(6):866\u2013874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.23991","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"3","key":"6485_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23322","volume":"32","author":"S Hoshika","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoshika S, Nimura A, Yamaguchi R, Nasu H, Yamaguchi K, Sugaya H, Akita K (2019) Medial elbow anatomy: A paradigm shift for UCL injury prevention and management. Clin Anat 32(3):379\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.23322","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"5","key":"6485_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.03.008","volume":"18","author":"JH Udall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Udall JH, Fitzpatrick MJ, McGarry MH, Leba TB, Lee TQ (2009) Effects of flexor-pronator muscle loading on valgus stability of the elbow with an intact, stretched, and resected medial ulnar collateral ligament. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 18(5):773\u2013778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2009.03.008","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"6485_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.03.024","volume":"16","author":"F Lin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lin F, Kohli N, Perlmutter S, Lim D, Nuber GW, Makhsous M (2007) Muscle contribution to elbow joint valgus stability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 16(6):795\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2007.03.024","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"6485_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520980133","volume":"49","author":"E Kholinne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kholinne E, Liu H, Kim H, Kwak JM, Koh KH, Jeon IH (2021) Systematic review of elbow instability in association with refractory lateral epicondylitis: Myth or fact? Am J Sports Med 49(9):2542\u20132550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546520980133","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"6485_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.11.040","volume":"28","author":"A Badre","year":"2019","unstructured":"Badre A, Axford DT, Banayan S, Johnson JA, King GJW (2019) Role of the anconeus in the stability of a lateral ligament and common extensor origin-deficient elbow: an in vitro biomechanical study. J Shoulder Elb Surg 28(5):974\u2013981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2018.11.040","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"6485_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300218","volume":"23","author":"GS Fleisig","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fleisig GS, Andrews JR, Dillman CJ, Escamilla RF (1995) Kinetics of baseball pitching with implications about injury mechanisms. Am J Sports Med 23(2):233\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/036354659502300218","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"6485_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738110362656","volume":"2","author":"ST Seroyer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Seroyer ST, Nho SJ, Bach BR, Bush-Joseph CA, Nicholson GP, Romeo AA (2010) The kinetic chain in overhand pitching: its potential role for performance enhancement and injury prevention. Sports Health 2(2):135\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1941738110362656","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"6485_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199621060-00004","volume":"21","author":"GS Fleisig","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fleisig GS, Barrentine SW, Escamilla RF, Andrews JR (1996) Biomechanics of overhand throwing with implications for injuries. Sports Med 21(6):421\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-199621060-00004","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6485_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310042601","volume":"31","author":"EL Cain Jr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cain EL Jr, Dugas JR, Wolf RS, Andrews JR (2003) Elbow injuries in throwing athletes: a current concepts review. Am J Sports Med 31(4):621\u2013635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03635465030310042601","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6485_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-019-09534-w","volume":"12","author":"L Pearce McCarty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pearce McCarty L (2019) Approach to medial elbow pain in the throwing athlete. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 12(1):30\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12178-019-09534-w","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"6485_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.09.007","volume":"25","author":"JY Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park JY, Yoo HY, Chung SW, Lee SJ, Kim NR, Ki SY, Oh KS (2016) Valgus extension overload syndrome in adolescent baseball players: clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 25(12):2048\u20132056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2016.09.007","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"6485_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2016.10.0162","volume":"6","author":"CL Camp","year":"2017","unstructured":"Camp CL, Smith J, O\u2019Driscoll SW (2017) Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow: Part I. Mechanism of injury and the posterolateral rotatory drawer test. Arthrosc Tech 6(2):e401\u2013e405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eats.2016.10.0162","journal-title":"Arthrosc Tech"},{"issue":"2","key":"6485_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2016.10.012","volume":"6","author":"CL Camp","year":"2017","unstructured":"Camp CL, Smith J, O\u2019Driscoll SW (2017) Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow: Part II. Supplementary examination and dynamic imaging techniques. Arthrosc Tech 6(2):e407\u2013e411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eats.2016.10.012","journal-title":"Arthrosc Tech"},{"issue":"7","key":"6485_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2014.02.029","volume":"30","author":"OA Anakwenze","year":"2014","unstructured":"Anakwenze OA, Kwon D, O\u2019Donnell E, Levine WN, Ahmad CS (2014) Surgical treatment of posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. Arthroscopy 30(7):866\u2013871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2014.02.029","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"6485_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200001000-00005","volume":"370","author":"SW O\u2019Driscoll","year":"2000","unstructured":"O\u2019Driscoll SW (2000) Classification and evaluation of recurrent instability of the elbow. Clin Orthop Relat Res 370:34\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003086-200001000-00005","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6485_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447231185585","volume":"20","author":"AN Goldin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Goldin AN, Dwight KD, Hentzen ER, Bt L, Hughes-Austin JM, Ward SR, Abrams RA (2025) A simple and versatile test for elbow posterolateral rotatory instability. Hand (N Y) 20(1):37\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15589447231185585","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"2","key":"6485_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-9827","volume":"20","author":"MM Treihaft","year":"2000","unstructured":"Treihaft MM (2000) Neurologic injuries in baseball players. Semin Neurol 20(2):187\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2000-9827","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"6485_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197505000-00027","volume":"108","author":"HM Childress","year":"1975","unstructured":"Childress HM (1975) Recurrent ulnar-nerve dislocation at the elbow. Clin Orthop Relat Res 108:168\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003086-197505000-00027","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"6485_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096712","volume":"52","author":"EL Zwerus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zwerus EL, Somford MP, Maissan F, Heisen J, Eygendaal D, van den Bekerom MP (2018) Physical examination of the elbow, what is the evidence? A systematic literature review. Br J Sports Med 52(19):1253\u20131260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096712","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"6485_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.04.029","volume":"40","author":"M Hackl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hackl M, Wegmann K, Ries C, Leschinger T, Burkhart KJ, M\u00fcller LP (2015) Reliability of magnetic resonance imaging signs of posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. J Hand Surg Am 40(7):1428\u20131433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.04.029","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"6485_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0254037","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254037","volume":"16","author":"YS Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim YS, Kim ST, Lee KH, Ahn JM, Gong HS (2021) Radiocapitellar incongruity of the radial head in magnetic resonance imaging correlates with pathologic changes of the lateral elbow stabilizers in lateral epicondylitis. PLoS ONE 16(7):e0254037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254037","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"6485_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.01.002","volume":"23","author":"M Harada","year":"2014","unstructured":"Harada M, Takahara M, Maruyama M, Nemoto T, Koseki K, Kato Y (2014) Assessment of medial elbow laxity by gravity stress radiography: comparison of valgus stress radiography with gravity and a Telos stress device. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 23(4):561\u2013566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2014.01.002","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"6485_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-020-03541-0","volume":"141","author":"M Schnetzke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schnetzke M, Ellwein A, Maier D, Wagner FC, Gr\u00fctzner PA, Guehring T (2021) Injury patterns following simple elbow dislocation: radiological analysis implies existence of a pure valgus dislocation mechanism. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 141(10):1649\u20131657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-020-03541-0","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"13","key":"6485_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4330","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134330","volume":"24","author":"Y Cui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cui Y, Ji S, Zha Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Zhou T (2024) An automatic method for elbow joint recognition, segmentation and reconstruction. Sensors (Basel) 24(13):4330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24134330","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"6485_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography10030032","volume":"10","author":"G Folco","year":"2024","unstructured":"Folco G, Messina C, Gitto S, Fusco S, Serpi F, Zagarella A, Gallazzi MB, Arrigoni P, Aliprandi A, Porta M, Vitali P, Sconfienza LM, Albano D (2024) CT Arthrography of the elbow: What radiologists should know. Tomography 10(3):415\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tomography10030032","journal-title":"Tomography"},{"issue":"1","key":"6485_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1451-2","volume":"18","author":"M Schnetzke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schnetzke M, Sch\u00fcler S, Hoffend J, Simon R, Keil H, Porschke F, Studier-Fischer S, Gr\u00fctzner PA, Guehring T (2017) Interobserver and intraobserver agreement of ligamentous injuries on conventional MRI after simple elbow dislocation. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 18(1):85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-017-1451-2","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"6485_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-020-04875-5","volume":"45","author":"L Tarallo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tarallo L, Merolla G, Porcellini G, Amorico MG, Micheloni G, Novi M, Di Giovine E, Catani F (2021) Acute elbow dislocation: comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and intra-operative finding of ligament injury. Int Orthop 45(1):265\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-020-04875-5","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"6485_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200105","volume":"22","author":"LA Timmerman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Timmerman LA, Schwartz ML, Andrews JR (1994) Preoperative evaluation of the ulnar collateral ligament by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography arthrography. Evaluation in 25 baseball players with surgical confirmation. Am J Sports Med 22(1):26\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/036354659402200105","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"6485_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4531-9","volume":"25","author":"P Arrigoni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arrigoni P, Cucchi D, D\u2019Ambrosi R, Menon A, Aliprandi A, Randelli P (2017) Arthroscopic R-LCL plication for symptomatic minor instability of the lateral elbow (SMILE). Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 25(7):2264\u20132270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-017-4531-9","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"6485_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/10225536221128861","volume":"30","author":"N Mahasupachai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahasupachai N, Samathi N, Premsiri A, Chanlalit C (2022) The sonographic posterolateral rotatory stress test: Normal ulnohumeral gap difference in healthy volunteers. J Orthop Surg 30(3):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10225536221128861","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"6485_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14631","volume":"37","author":"A DeMoss","year":"2018","unstructured":"DeMoss A, Millard N, McIlvain G, Beckett JA, Jasko JJ, Timmons MK (2018) Ultrasound-assisted assessment of medial elbow stability. J Ultrasound Med 37(12):2769\u20132775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jum.14631","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"6485_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514542805","volume":"42","author":"MC Ciccotti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ciccotti MC, Hammoud S, Dodson CC, Cohen SB, Nazarian LN, Ciccotti MG (2014) Stress ultrasound evaluation of medial elbow instability in a cadaveric model. Am J Sports Med 42(10):2463\u20132469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546514542805","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6485_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2022.12.001","volume":"6","author":"P Pierreux","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pierreux P, Caekebeke P, van Riet R (2022) The role of arthroscopy in instability of the elbow. JSES Int 6(1):4\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jseint.2022.12.001","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"6485_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2010.06.008","volume":"29","author":"FH Savoie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Savoie FH, O\u2019Brien MJ, Field LD, Gurley DJ (2010) Arthroscopic and open radial ulnohumeral ligament reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. Clin Sports Med 29(4):611\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csm.2010.06.008","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"6485_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13082411","volume":"13","author":"C Koukos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Koukos C, Kotsapas M, Sidiropoulos K, Traverso A, Bilsel K, Montoya F, Arrigoni P (2024) A novel surgical treatment management algorithm for elbow posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) based on the common extensor origin integrity. J Clin Med 13(8):2411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13082411","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"6485_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200112000-00009","volume":"83","author":"CE Dunning","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dunning CE, Zarzour ZD, Patterson SD, Johnson JA, King GJ (2001) Ligamentous stabilizers against posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. J Bone Joint Surg Am 83:1823\u20131828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-200112000-00009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"6485_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-016-9345-8","volume":"9","author":"CJ Fedorka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fedorka CJ, Oh LS (2016) Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 9:240\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12178-016-9345-8","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"6485_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-023-06046-8","volume":"48","author":"JM Kwak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kwak JM, Kholinne E, Hwang SJ, Jeon IH (2024) Arthroscopic assessment for lateral collateral ligament complex deficiency of the elbow: a cadaveric study. Int Orthop 48:143\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-023-06046-8","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"6485_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2023.01.009","volume":"12","author":"NP Sachinis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sachinis NP, Yiannakopoulos CK, Beitzel K, Koukos C (2023) Arthroscopic modified elbow lateral collateral ligament imbrication: An operative technique. Arthrosc Tech 12:e709\u2013e714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eats.2023.01.009","journal-title":"Arthrosc Tech"},{"key":"6485_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2022.06.001","volume":"31","author":"R Kohlprath","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kohlprath R, Vuylsteke K, van Riet R (2022) Arthroscopic lateral collateral ligament imbrication of the elbow: short-term clinical results. J Shoulder Elb Surg 31:2316\u20132321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2022.06.001","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6485_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2024.103101","volume":"13","author":"J Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo J, Kholinne E, Ben H, Park J, Jeon IH (2024) Arthroscopic-assisted lateral ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow: A technical note. Arthrosc Tech 13:103101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eats.2024.103101","journal-title":"Arthrosc Tech"},{"key":"6485_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2009.05.010","volume":"25","author":"FH Savoie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Savoie FH, Field LD, Gurley DJ (2009) Arthroscopic and open radial ulnohumeral ligament reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. Hand Clin 25:323\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hcl.2009.05.010","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"6485_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2022.12.009","volume":"7","author":"M Tranier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tranier M, Bacle G, Marteau E, Sos C, Laulan J, Roulet S (2023) Lateral elbow ligament reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability: 10 years follow-up in 32 patients. JSES Int 7:357\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jseint.2022.12.009","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"6485_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-021-03081-2","volume":"32","author":"C Schoch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schoch C, Dittrich M, Seilern und Aspang J, Geyer M, Geyer S (2022) Autologous triceps tendon graft for LUCL reconstruction of the elbow: Clinical outcome after 7.5 years. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 32:1111\u20131118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-021-03081-2","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"6485_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.08.015","volume":"27","author":"MJ Rodriguez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rodriguez MJ, Kusnezov NA, Dunn JC, Waterman BR, Kilcoyne KG (2018) Functional outcomes following lateral ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction for symptomatic posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow in an athletic population. J Shoulder Elb Surg 27:112\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2017.08.015","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6485_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12571","volume":"11","author":"C Biz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Biz C, Crim\u00ec A, Belluzzi E, Maschio N, Baracco R, Volpin A, Ruggieri P (2019) Conservative versus surgical management of elbow medial ulnar collateral ligament injury: A systematic review. Orthop Surg 11:974\u2013984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/os.12571","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"6485_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2019.03.005","volume":"50","author":"AR Moore","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moore AR, Fleisig GS, Dugas JR (2019) Ulnar collateral ligament repair. Orthop Clin NA 50:383\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ocl.2019.03.005","journal-title":"Orthop Clin NA"},{"key":"6485_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519876305","volume":"47","author":"A Chauhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chauhan A, McQueen P, Chalmers PN, Ciccotti MG, Camp CL, D\u2019Angelo J, Potter HG, Fealy SA, Erickson BJ, Hoenecke HR, Keefe D, McCauley J, Fronek J (2019) Nonoperative treatment of elbow ulnar collateral ligament injuries with and without platelet-rich plasma in professional baseball players: A comparative and matched cohort analysis. Am J Sports Med 47:3107\u20133119","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"6485_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465010290010601","volume":"29","author":"AC Rettig","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rettig AC, Sherrill C, Snead DS, Mendler JC, Mieling P (2001) Nonoperative treatment of ulnar collateral ligament injuries in throwing athletes. Am J Sports Med 29:15\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03635465010290010601","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"6485_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508315201","volume":"36","author":"FH Savoie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Savoie FH, Trenhaile SW, Roberts J, Field LD, Ramsey JR (2008) Primary repair of ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the elbow in young athletes: A case series of injuries to the proximal and distal ends of the ligament. Am J Sports Med 36:1066\u20131072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546508315201","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"6485_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519833684","volume":"47","author":"JR Dugas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dugas JR, Looze CA, Capogna B, Walters BL, Jones CM, Rothermich MA, Fleisig GS, Aune KT, Drogosz M, Wilk KE, Emblom BA, Cain EL (2019) Ulnar collateral ligament repair with collagen-dipped FiberTape augmentation in overhead-throwing athletes. Am J Sports Med 47:1096\u20131102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546519833684","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"6485_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506289884","volume":"34","author":"GAJ Paletta","year":"2002","unstructured":"Paletta GAJ, Wright RW (2002) The modified docking procedure for elbow ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction: 2-year follow-up in elite throwers. Am J Sports Med 34:1594\u20131598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546506289884","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"6485_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.07.024","volume":"22","author":"JL Koh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koh JL, Schafer MF, Keuter G, Hsu JE (2006) Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in elite throwing athletes. Arthroscopy 22:1187\u20131191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.07.024","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"6485_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507305802","volume":"35","author":"JS Dines","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dines JS, Elattrache NS, Conway JE, Smith W, Ahmad CS (2007) Clinical outcomes of the DANE TJ technique to treat ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency of the elbow. Am J Sports Med 35:2039\u20132044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546507305802","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"6485_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506290988","volume":"34","author":"CC Dodson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dodson CC, Thomas A, Dines JS, Nho SJ, Wirth RJ, Altchek DW (2006) Medial ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction of the elbow in throwing athletes. Am J Sports Med 34:1926\u20131932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546506290988","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"6485_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120966310","volume":"8","author":"SJ Thomas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thomas SJ, Paul RW, Rosen AB, Wilkins SJ, Scheidt J, Kelly JD, Crotin RL (2020) Return-to-play and competitive outcomes after ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction among baseball players: A systematic review. Orthop J Sports Med 8:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2325967120966310","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"6485_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-020-09618-y","volume":"13","author":"AR Jensen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jensen AR, LaPrade MD, Turner TW, Dines JS, Camp CL (2020) The history and evolution of elbow medial ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction: From Tommy John to 2020. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 13:349\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12178-020-09618-y","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"6485_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3368","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465221120654","volume":"50","author":"MA Rothermich","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rothermich MA, Pharr ZK, Mundy AC, Fleisig GS, Mussell EA, Ryan MK, Bernier HM, Ostrander B, Slowik JS, Emblom BA, Cain EL, Dugas JR (2022) Clinical outcomes of ulnar collateral ligament surgery in nonthrowing athletes. Am J Sports Med 50:3368\u20133373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03635465221120654","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"6485_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518765139","volume":"47","author":"JB Clain","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clain JB, Vitale MA, Ahmad CS, Ruchelsman DE (2019) Ulnar nerve complications after ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction of the elbow: A systematic review. Am J Sports Med 47:1263\u20131269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546518765139","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"6485_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.17.00138","volume":"6","author":"JS Somerson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Somerson JS, Petersen JP, Neradilek MB, Cizik AM, Gee AO (2018) Complications and outcomes after medial ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction. JBJS Rev 6:e4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.17.00138","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"6485_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-020-09619-x","volume":"13","author":"LK Keyt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keyt LK, Tangtiphaiboontana J, Turner TW, Dines JS, Knudsen ML, Camp CL (2020) Revision medial ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in baseball pitchers: Review of epidemiology, surgical techniques, and outcomes. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 13:361\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12178-020-09619-x","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"6485_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4563-1","volume":"26","author":"JL Koh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koh JL, Zwahlen BA, Altchek DW, Zimmerman TA (2018) Arthroscopic treatment successfully treats posterior elbow impingement in an athletic population. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 26:306\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-017-4563-1","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"6485_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2017.06.053","volume":"34","author":"T Matsuura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matsuura T, Iwame T, Suzue N, Iwase J, Tamaki S, Yokoyama K, Sairyo K (2018) Clinical outcome of arthroscopic treatment for posteromedial elbow impingement in adolescent baseball players. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg 34:105\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2017.06.053","journal-title":"Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg"},{"key":"6485_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2003.09.010","volume":"13","author":"JS Levin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Levin JS, Zheng N, Dugas J, Cain EL, Andrews JR (2004) Posterior olecranon resection and ulnar collateral ligament strain. J Shoulder Elb Surg 13:66\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2003.09.010","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6485_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200411000-00010","volume":"86","author":"S Kamineni","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kamineni S, Elattrache NS, O\u2019Driscoll SWM, Ahmad CS, Hirohara H, Neale PG, An KN, Morrey BF (2004) Medial collateral ligament strain with partial posteromedial olecranon resection: A biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86:2424\u20132430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-200411000-00010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"6485_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.08.004","volume":"31","author":"AM Looney","year":"2022","unstructured":"Looney AM, Bovill JD, Huffman SS, Najarian RG (2022) Routine diagnostic arthroscopy with elbow ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction does not reduce the need for future valgus extension overload-related surgeries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elb Surg 31:e22\u2013e36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2021.08.004","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6485_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05102-5","volume":"23","author":"H Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu H, Kholinne E, Sun Y, Liu T, Tan J (2022) The dynamic rotation axis of the ulnohumeral joint during active flexion-extension: An in vivo 4-dimensional computed tomography analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 23:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-022-05102-5","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"6485_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.04.008","volume":"25","author":"DR Shukla","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shukla DR, Golan E, Nasser P, Culbertson M, Hausman M (2016) Importance of the posterior bundle of the medial ulnar collateral ligament. J Shoulder Elb Surg 25:1868\u20131873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2016.04.008","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6485_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-017-0495-7","volume":"101","author":"A Sard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sard A, Dutto E, Rotini R, Vanni S, Pastorelli S, Battiston B (2017) The posterior bundle of the elbow medial collateral ligament: Biomechanical study and proposal for a new reconstruction surgical technique. Musculoskelet Surg 101:181\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12306-017-0495-7","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Surg"}],"container-title":["International Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00264-025-06485-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00264-025-06485-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00264-025-06485-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T09:03:02Z","timestamp":1747213382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00264-025-06485-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["6485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-025-06485-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0341-2695","1432-5195"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0341-2695","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5195","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human ethics\/ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}