{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:07:17Z","timestamp":1792800437292,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018936","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Heidelberg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Orthopaedics (SICOT)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Humeral head osteonecrosis (HHN) is a joint-destructive condition, for which cementless humeral head resurfacing (CHHR) offers a bone-preserving treatment option. The aim of this study was to report long-term outcomes and implant survival of CHHR in patients with HHN.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with humeral head osteonecrosis treated with cementless humeral head resurfacing (CHHR) between 2004 and 2007 were included. Implant survival was assessed according to Kaplan-Meier analysis. Clinical evaluation included Constant-Murley-Score (CMS), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV) and patient centered outcomes regarding satisfaction and quality of life. Radiographs were evaluated for glenoid erosion, Walch glenoid types as well as signs of implant loosening. Statistical comparison was performed using students t-tests with a significance level set to <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Seventeen shoulders were retrospectively included in the implant survival analysis. Two patients underwent revision surgery. five patients died with the implant and were therefore censored. Cumulative survival rate was 100% after ten years and 93.3% after 15 years. Seven shoulders were available for clinical and radiological evaluation at a mean follow-up of 19 years (range 17\u201322 years). Age- and sex-adjusted CMS improved from preoperative to the latest follow-up (44.4% vs. 82.9%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). No glenoid erosion of higher degree (Sperling grade\u2009&gt;\u20092) and no signs of implant loosening were observed. All patients had Walch type A glenoids preoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this small cohort with long-term follow-up of 17\u201322 years, CHHR showed promising durability and functional outcomes in carefully selected patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Level IV Case series with no comparison group.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-025-06622-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T02:51:53Z","timestamp":1755485513000},"page":"2539-2547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long-term results of cementless humeral head resurfacing for humeral head osteonecrosis \u2013 a monocentric longitudinal observational study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Matthias","family":"B\u00fclhoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amina","family":"Gurda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Weishorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Spranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Knappe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patric","family":"Raiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Trefzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"6622_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cehelyk EK, Stull JD, Patel MS, Cox RM, Namdari S (2023) Humeral head avascular necrosis: pathophysiology, Work-up, and treatment options. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.23.00014. JBJS Rev 11","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.23.00014"},{"key":"6622_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/s1058-2746(96)80066-8","volume":"5","author":"JC L\u2019Insalata","year":"1996","unstructured":"L\u2019Insalata JC, Pagnani MJ, Warren RF, Dines DM (1996) Humeral head osteonecrosis: clinical course and radiographic predictors of outcome. J Shoulder Elb Surg 5:355\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1058-2746(96)80066-8","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20101123-21","volume":"34","author":"JK Brannon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brannon JK (2011) Thorough debridement of the humeral head for osteonecrosis. Orthopedics 34:56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01477447-20101123-21","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"6622_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.04.024","volume":"32","author":"JA Dubin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dubin JA, Mirkin Y, Sax OC, Monarrez R, Chen Z, Bains SS, Hameed D, Mont MA (2023) Core decompression is superior to nonoperative management for humeral head osteonecrosis: a systematic review. J Shoulder Elb Surg 32:2192\u20132200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2023.04.024","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.01.022","volume":"25","author":"JC Kennon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kennon JC, Smith JP, Crosby LA (2016) Core decompression and arthroplasty outcomes for atraumatic osteonecrosis of the humeral head. J Shoulder Elb Surg 25:1442\u20131448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2016.01.022","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2015.03.021","volume":"31","author":"BM Saltzman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saltzman BM, Riboh JC, Cole BJ, Yanke AB (2015) Humeral head reconstruction with osteochondral allograft transplantation. Arthroscopy 31:1827\u20131834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2015.03.021","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"6622_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt98","volume":"3","author":"L Rackwitz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rackwitz L, Eden L, Reppenhagen S, Reichert JC, Jakob F, Walles H, Pullig O, Tuan RS, Rudert M, Noth U (2012) Stem cell- and growth factor-based regenerative therapies for avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Stem Cell Res Ther 3:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/scrt98","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"6622_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2022.02.002","volume":"31","author":"RL Brochin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brochin RL, Zastrow RK, Patel AV, Parsons BO, Galatz LM, Flatow EL, Cagle PJ (2022) Long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of total shoulder arthroplasty in patients under age 60 years. J Shoulder Elb Surg 31:S63\u2013S70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2022.02.002","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.4055\/cios20245","volume":"13","author":"P Collotte","year":"2021","unstructured":"Collotte P, Bercik M, Vieira TD, Walch G (2021) Long-term reverse total shoulder arthroplasty outcomes: the effect of the inferior shifting of glenoid component fixation. Clin Orthop Surg 13:505\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4055\/cios20245","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.08.021","volume":"31","author":"AL von Gerhardt","year":"2022","unstructured":"von Gerhardt AL, Willems JIP, Geervliet PC, Spruyt P, van Noort A, Visser CPJ (2022) Long-term results of the uncemented resurfacing shoulder hemiarthroplasty (Global Conservative anatomic Prosthesis). J Shoulder Elb Surg 31:839\u2013846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2021.08.021","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.06.019","volume":"14","author":"P Mansat","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mansat P, Huser L, Mansat M, Bellumore Y, Rongieres M, Bonnevialle P (2005) Shoulder arthroplasty for atraumatic avascular necrosis of the humeral head: nineteen shoulders followed up for a mean of seven years. J Shoulder Elb Surg 14:114\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2004.06.019","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199804000-00002","volume":"80","author":"JW Sperling","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sperling JW, Cofield RH, Rowland CM (1998) Neer hemiarthroplasty and Neer total shoulder arthroplasty in patients Fifty years old or less. Long-term results. J Bone Joint Surg Am 80:464\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-199804000-00002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"6622_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/s1058-2746(99)90089-7","volume":"8","author":"SJ Hattrup","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hattrup SJ, Cofield RH (1999) Osteonecrosis of the humeral head: relationship of disease stage, extent, and cause to natural history. J Shoulder Elb Surg 8:559\u2013564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1058-2746(99)90089-7","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.83b2.11238","volume":"83","author":"O Levy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Levy O, Copeland SA (2001) Cementless surface replacement arthroplasty of the shoulder. 5- to 10-year results with the Copeland mark-2 prosthesis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 83:213\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.83b2.11238","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"6622_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2005.02.011","volume":"14","author":"SR Thomas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thomas SR, Wilson AJ, Chambler A, Harding I, Thomas M (2005) Outcome of Copeland surface replacement shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elb Surg 14:485\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2005.02.011","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2008.10.016","volume":"18","author":"JW Uribe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uribe JW, Botto-van Bemden A (2009) Partial humeral head resurfacing for osteonecrosis. J Shoulder Elb Surg 18:711\u2013716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2008.10.016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00560","volume":"91","author":"P Raiss","year":"2009","unstructured":"Raiss P, Kasten P, Baumann F, Moser M, Rickert M, Loew M (2009) Treatment of osteonecrosis of the humeral head with cementless surface replacement arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 91:340\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.H.00560","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"6622_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Constant CR, Murley AH (1987) A clinical method of functional assessment of the shoulder. Clin Orthop Relat Res :160\u2013164","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198701000-00023"},{"key":"6622_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.10.009","volume":"14","author":"LI Katolik","year":"2005","unstructured":"Katolik LI, Romeo AA, Cole BJ, Verma NN, Hayden JK, Bach BR (2005) Normalization of the constant score. J Shoulder Elb Surg 14:279\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2004.10.009","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890109002087","volume":"33","author":"R Rabin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rabin R, de Charro F (2001) EQ-5D: a measure of health status from the EuroQol group. Ann Med 33:337\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/07853890109002087","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"6622_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.02.135","volume":"16","author":"JW Sperling","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sperling JW, Cofield RH, Schleck CD, Harmsen WS (2007) Total shoulder arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis of the shoulder: results of 303 consecutive cases. J Shoulder Elb Surg 16:683\u2013690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2007.02.135","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Favard L, Lautmann S, Sirveaux F, Oudet D, Kerjean Y, HuguetD. Hemiarthroplasty versus reverse arthroplasty in the treatmentof osteoarthritis with massive rotator cuff tear. In: Walch G,Boileau P, Mol\u00e9 D, eds. 2000 Shoulder Prostheses. Two to TenYears Follow-up. Paris: Sauramps M\u00e9dical; 2001:261\u2013268.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-58365-0_28"},{"key":"6622_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/s0883-5403(99)90232-2","volume":"14","author":"G Walch","year":"1999","unstructured":"Walch G, Badet R, Boulahia A, Khoury A (1999) Morphologic study of the glenoid in primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis. J Arthroplasty 14:756\u2013760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0883-5403(99)90232-2","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"6622_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2018.02.013","volume":"15","author":"MW Maier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maier MW, Hetto P, Raiss P, Klotz M, Bulhoff M, Spranz D, Zeifang F (2018) Cementless humeral head resurfacing for degenerative glenohumeral osteoarthritis fails at a high rate. J Orthop 15:349\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jor.2018.02.013","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"6622_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cruess RL (1978) Experience with steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the shoulder and etiologic considerations regarding osteonecrosis of the hip. Clin Orthop Relat Res :86\u201393","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197801000-00008"},{"key":"6622_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-004-0264-z","volume":"6","author":"W Greiner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Greiner W, Claes C, von der Busschbach JJ (2005) Validating the EQ-5D with time trade off for the German population. Eur J Health Econ 6:124\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10198-004-0264-z","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ"},{"key":"6622_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.03.046","volume":"33","author":"PM Parel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Parel PM, Lin S, Agarwal AR, Haft M, Kreulen RT, Naeem A, Pressman Z, Best MJ, Zimmer ZR, Srikumaran U (2024) No difference in 10-year survivorship of total shoulder arthroplasty vs. hemiarthroplasty for avascular necrosis of the humeral head. J Shoulder Elb Surg 33:2352\u20132358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2024.03.046","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.011","volume":"31","author":"R McLaughlin","year":"2022","unstructured":"McLaughlin R, Tams C, Werthel JD, Wright TW, Crowe MM, Aibinder W, Friedman RJ, King JJ, Schoch BS (2022) Reverse shoulder arthroplasty yields similar results to anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of humeral head avascular necrosis. J Shoulder Elb Surg 31:S94\u2013S102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.011","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.11.035","volume":"24","author":"O Levy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levy O, Tsvieli O, Merchant J, Young L, Trimarchi A, Dattani R, Abraham R, Copeland SA, Narvani A, Atoun E (2015) Surface replacement arthroplasty for glenohumeral arthropathy in patients aged younger than Fifty years: results after a minimum ten-year follow-up. J Shoulder Elb Surg 24:1049\u20131060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2014.11.035","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-018-3779-0","volume":"42","author":"S Beck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beck S, Beck V, Wegner A, Dudda M, Patsalis T, Jager M (2018) Long-term survivorship of stemless anatomical shoulder replacement. Int Orthop 42:1327\u20131330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-018-3779-0","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"6622_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2000.105126","volume":"9","author":"SJ Hattrup","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hattrup SJ, Cofield RH (2000) Osteonecrosis of the humeral head: results of replacement. J Shoulder Elb Surg 9:177\u2013182","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.07.019","volume":"25","author":"BS Schoch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schoch BS, Barlow JD, Schleck C, Cofield RH, Sperling JW (2016) Shoulder arthroplasty for atraumatic osteonecrosis of the humeral head. J Shoulder Elb Surg 25:238\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2015.07.019","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.09.009","volume":"25","author":"A Berth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Berth A, Marz V, Wissel H, Awiszus F, Amthauer H, Lohmann CH (2016) SPECT\/CT demonstrates the osseointegrative response of a stemless shoulder prosthesis. J Shoulder Elb Surg 25:e96\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2015.09.009","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"6622_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01552","volume":"90","author":"DS Bailie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bailie DS, Llinas PJ, Ellenbecker TS (2008) Cementless humeral resurfacing arthroplasty in active patients less than fifty-five years of age. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90:110\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.F.01552","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"6622_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e164","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00603","volume":"94","author":"WN Levine","year":"2012","unstructured":"Levine WN, Fischer CR, Nguyen D, Flatow EL, Ahmad CS, Bigliani LU (2012) Long-term follow-up of shoulder hemiarthroplasty for glenohumeral osteoarthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 94:e164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.K.00603","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"}],"container-title":["International Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00264-025-06622-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00264-025-06622-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00264-025-06622-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T07:32:02Z","timestamp":1759303922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00264-025-06622-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["6622"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-025-06622-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0341-2695","1432-5195"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0341-2695","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5195","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"M. B. is a payed consultant for Stryker, P. R. is a payed consultant for Arthrex.All other authors confirm that there were no conflicts of interest for each of the authors nor to their immediate family.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}