{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:37:25Z","timestamp":1787564245936,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Orthopaedics (SICOT)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-026-06843-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T11:52:58Z","timestamp":1778673178000},"page":"1427-1434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Epidemiological and clinical review of spinal Tuberculosis at a Regional Orthopaedic Hospital in Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Adetunji Mapaderun","family":"Toluse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adejumoke","family":"Abiodun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayode","family":"Odejobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"6843_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/B09404","volume-title":"WHO consolidated operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 4: treatment and care","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025) WHO consolidated operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 4: treatment and care. World Health Organization, Geneva"},{"key":"6843_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54394\/CJQU6666","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2024","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024) Global tuberculosis report 2024. World Health Organization, Geneva"},{"key":"6843_CR3","volume-title":"Framework for implementing the End TB Strategy in the African Region 2016\u20132020","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017) Framework for implementing the End TB Strategy in the African Region 2016\u20132020. WHO, Geneva"},{"issue":"1","key":"6843_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.10.011","volume":"31","author":"KE Da Silva","year":"2025","unstructured":"Da Silva KE, Andrews JR (2025) Elucidating the role of internal migration in the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin Microbiol Infect 31(1):10\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.10.011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"3e","key":"6843_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.4314\/dujopas.v11i3e","volume":"11","author":"TE Nwaolai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nwaolai TE, Omoruyi IM (2025) A comprehensive review on tuberculosis and its associated co-infections in Nigeria. DUJOPAS 11(3e):309\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/dujopas.v11i3e","journal-title":"DUJOPAS"},{"issue":"4","key":"6843_CR6","first-page":"469","volume":"41","author":"SA Gwalabe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gwalabe SA, Dunga JA, Misau YA, Maigari IM, Adamu A (2024) Prevalence of Extra-pulmonary Tuberculosis among Patients Diagnosed with Tuberculosis in a Tertiary Hospital in Bauchi, Northeastern Nigeria - A Five-Year Review. West Afr J Med 41(4):469\u2013474 (PMID: 39003768)","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6843_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.5905595","volume":"3","author":"AR Ojewuyi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ojewuyi AR, Odeyemi AO (2022) Extra-pulmonary presentation of tuberculosis in South-West Nigeria. West Afr J Med Biomed Sci 3(1):81\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.5905595","journal-title":"West Afr J Med Biomed Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"6843_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772311Y.0000000023","volume":"34","author":"RK Garg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garg RK, Somvanshi DS (2011) Spinal tuberculosis: a review. J Spinal Cord Med 34(5):440\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/2045772311Y.0000000023","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"6843_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5118600","volume":"2024","author":"K Corydon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Corydon K, \u00d8rum MB, N\u00f8hr KB, \u00d6brink-Hansen K (2024) Diagnostic delay of spinal tuberculosis causing medullary compression. Case Rep Infect Dis 2024:5118600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/5118600","journal-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"6843_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.20411\/pai.v8i1.597","volume":"8","author":"V Papa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Papa V, Galassi FM, Varotto E, Gori A, Vaccarezza M (2023) Evolution of diagnostic techniques in tuberculosis. Pathog Immun 8(1):93\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20411\/pai.v8i1.597","journal-title":"Pathog Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"6843_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.3855","volume":"11","author":"A Dean","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dean A, Zyck S, Toshkezi G, Galgano M, Marawar S (2019) Challenges in the diagnosis and management of spinal tuberculosis: case series. Cureus 11(1):e3855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.3855","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"6843_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.33590\/emj\/10302558","volume":"8","author":"CK Shaozae","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shaozae CK, Das D, Kumar M (2023) Diagnosis of tuberculosis in low-resource settings: overcoming challenges within laboratory practice. Eur. Med. J. 8:82\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33590\/emj\/10302558","journal-title":"Eur. Med. J."},{"key":"6843_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2020.100151","volume":"19","author":"A Pandita","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pandita A, Madhuripan N, Pandita S, Hurtado RM (2020) Challenges and controversies in the treatment of spinal tuberculosis. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 19:100151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jctube.2020.100151","journal-title":"J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"6843_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2023.100267","volume":"16","author":"R Shanmuganathan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shanmuganathan R, Ramachandran K, Shetty AP, Kanna RM (2023) Active tuberculosis of spine: current updates. N Am Spine Soc J 16:100267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xnsj.2023.100267","journal-title":"N Am Spine Soc J"},{"issue":"8","key":"6843_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpaic.2022.05.004","volume":"23","author":"H Phelan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Phelan H, Yates V, Lillie E (2022) Healthcare delivery challenges in LMICs. Anaesth Intensive Care Med 23(8):501\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mpaic.2022.05.004","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"6843_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/B09458","volume-title":"WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: diagnosis module","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025) WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: diagnosis module. WHO, Geneva"},{"issue":"4","key":"6843_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.100B4.BJJ-2017-1040.R1","volume":"100-B","author":"RN Dunn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dunn RN, Ben Husien M (2018) Spinal tuberculosis: current management review. Bone Joint J 100-B(4):425\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.100B4.BJJ-2017-1040.R1","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"6843_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2335-7","volume":"22","author":"AK Jain","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jain AK, Kumar J (2013) Tuberculosis of spine: Neurological deficit. Eur Spine J 22(Suppl 4):624\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-012-2335-7","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"6843_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.4314\/eamj.v78i4.9062","volume":"78","author":"BA Solagberu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Solagberu BA, Ayorinde RO (2001) Tuberculosis of spine in Nigeria. East Afr Med J 78(4):197\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/eamj.v78i4.9062","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"6843_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2021.0137","volume":"16","author":"B Garg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garg B, Mehta N, Mukherjee RN, Swamy AM, Siamwala BS, Malik G (2022) Epidemiological insights from 1,652 patients with spinal tuberculosis managed at a single center: A retrospective review of 5-year data. Asian Spine J 16(2):162\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31616\/asj.2021.0137","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"key":"6843_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp\/books\/10993","volume-title":"Tuberculosis of the skeletal system: bones, joints, spine and bursal sheaths","author":"SM Tuli","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tuli SM (2004) Tuberculosis of the skeletal system: bones, joints, spine and bursal sheaths, 3rd ed. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5005\/jp\/books\/10993","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"6843_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23937\/2474-3658\/1510083","volume":"5","author":"GL Mangouka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mangouka GL, Iroungou BA, Bivigou-Mboumba B, Oura L, Mwanyombet L, Jean Raymond N (2019) Tuberculous spondylodiscitis in a military hospital in Gabon: Report of eleven patients. J Infect Dis Epidemiol 5:083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23937\/2474-3658\/1510083","journal-title":"J Infect Dis Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6843_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.14710\/jekk.v8i1.17221","volume":"8","author":"TO Eze","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eze TO, Nwadinigwe FC, Ameh GM (2023) Treatment outcome of tuberculosis cases and HIV co-infected patients. a retrospective study at a Federal Medical Centre of North Central Nigeria. Jurnal Epidemiol Kesehatan Komunitas 8(1):6\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14710\/jekk.v8i1.17221","journal-title":"Jurnal Epidemiol Kesehatan Komunitas"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"6843_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S201","DOI":"10.1086\/651492","volume":"50","author":"H Getahun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Getahun H, Gunneberg C, Granich R, Nunn P (2010) HIV infection-associated tuberculosis: The epidemiology and the response. Clin Infect Dis 50(Suppl 3):S201-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/651492","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"6843_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-266","volume":"8","author":"DG Datiko","year":"2008","unstructured":"Datiko DG, Yassin MA, Chekol LT, Kabeto LE, Lindtj\u00f8rn B (2008) The rate of TB-HIV co-infection depends on the prevalence of HIV infection in a community. BMC Public Health 8:266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-8-266","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"6843_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-02198-4","volume":"29","author":"J Gan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gan J, Zhang C, Tang D, Du X (2024) Surgical treatment of spinal tuberculosis: an updated review. Eur J Med Res 29:588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-024-02198-4","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"6843_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.AIAN_141_20","volume":"23","author":"D Garg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garg D, Goyal V (2020) Spinal tuberculosis treatment: an enduring bone of contention. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 23(4):441\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aian.AIAN_141_20","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6843_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-016-0385-y","volume":"11","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Luo F, Zhou Q, Dai F, Sun D, Xu J (2016) The outcomes of chemotherapy only treatment on mild spinal tuberculosis. J Orthop Surg Res 11(1):49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-016-0385-y","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"6843_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2014.49","volume":"52","author":"A Bhandari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhandari A, Garg RK, Malhotra HS, Verma R, Singh MK, Jain A, Sharma PK (2014) Outcome assessment in conservatively managed patients with cervical spine tuberculosis. Spinal Cord 52(6):489\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sc.2014.49","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"6843_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96S","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568218769053","volume":"8","author":"S Rajasekaran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rajasekaran S, Soundararajan DCR, Shetty AP, Kanna RM (2018) Spinal tuberculosis: current concepts. Global Spine J 8(4 Suppl):96S-108S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2192568218769053","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6843_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-020-01342-w","volume":"19","author":"C Oga-Omenka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oga-Omenka C, Bada F, Agbaje A, Dakum P, Menzies D, Zarowsky C (2020) Ease and equity of access to free DR-TB services in Nigeria- a qualitative analysis of policies, structures and processes. Int J Equity Health 19(1):221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12939-020-01342-w","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"6843_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-016820","volume":"9","author":"TJ Ogunniyi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ogunniyi TJ, Abdulganiyu MO, Issa JB, Abdulhameed I, Batisani K (2024) Ending tuberculosis in Nigeria: a priority by 2030. BMJ Glob Health 9(12):e016820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-016820","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"6843_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2014.8.4.435","volume":"8","author":"MS Moon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moon MS, Kim SS, Moon YW, Moon H, Kim SS (2014) Surgery-related complications and sequelae in management of tuberculosis of spine. Asian Spine J 8(4):435\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4184\/asj.2014.8.4.435","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"6843_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_167_19","volume":"36","author":"GT Chilkoti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chilkoti GT, Jain N, Mohta M, Saxena AK (2020) Perioperative concerns in Pott\u2019s spine: a review. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 36(4):443\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_167_19","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6843_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-024-00945-5","volume":"13","author":"S Basu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Basu S, Maddali DM (2025) Surgery for deformities in pediatric spinal tuberculosis: single centre review of 51 cases. Spine Deform 13(1):221\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-024-00945-5","journal-title":"Spine Deform"}],"container-title":["International Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00264-026-06843-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00264-026-06843-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00264-026-06843-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T08:30:17Z","timestamp":1781685017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00264-026-06843-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["6843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-026-06843-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0341-2695","1432-5195"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0341-2695","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5195","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}