{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T02:13:24Z","timestamp":1789784004931,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aesth Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In order to correct upper lid laxity, upper blepharoplasty, subbrow excision, and forehead lift have been utilized. Our newly developed subbrow excision attaches the orbicularis oculi muscle to the frontalis muscle. This improves the longevity of the result without inhibiting the gliding plane of the periorbita.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From January 2016 to July 2018, 564 patients were operated on using this technique. Among them, 41 were male and 523 were female with the average age of 59.5\u00a0years. The average size of the subbrow excision was 55\u00a0mm\u2009\u00d7\u20098\u00a0mm. From the upper skin incision site, the upper dissection proceeded cephalad in the subcutaneous plane just above the orbicularis oculi muscle to the point where the frontalis muscle was seen. The lower flap was created by incising the orbicularis oculi muscle 5\u00a0mm cephalad to the distal skin incision. From this 5-mm orbicularis muscle stump, the dissection proceeded caudally in a plane between the orbicularis muscle and the orbital septum. Once this flap was created, the 5-mm muscle stump was attached to the exposed frontalis muscle in a horizontal mattress fashion in three areas. The skin incision was then closed. Three months after the operation, a satisfaction survey was conducted using the Likert scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patients were followed postoperatively for at least 6\u00a0months. In all but two cases, the orbital laxity improved. However, in the brow\u2019s lateral third where the frontalis muscle does not exist, a slight lowering of the brow had occurred. The incision healed well without any keloid or hypertrophic scars. There were no significant complications such as superior orbital nerve entrapment-related sensory problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subbrow lift utilizing the frontalis muscle attachment to the lower flap orbicularis muscle is a novel method of correcting upper eyelid skin hooding. The technique does not rely on periosteal fixation. Therefore, the eyebrow gliding plane is not violated. Thus, the natural eyebrow movement is maintained. There were no cases of injury to the deep branch of the supraorbital nerve, poor wound healing, or other significant complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence IV<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/00266\">www.springer.com\/00266<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01879-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T13:03:03Z","timestamp":1595595783000},"page":"2119-2126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Subbrow Lift Using Frontalis Sling to Correct Lateral Orbital Laxity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2871-3769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong Seok","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth K.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1879_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2015.01.001","volume":"23","author":"G Branham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Branham G, Holds JB (2015) Brow\/upper lid anatomy, aging and aesthetic analysis. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 23:117\u2013127","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"1879_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181b455e8","volume":"124","author":"E Matros","year":"2009","unstructured":"Matros E, Garcia JA, Yaremchuk MJ (2009) Changes in eye- brow position and shape with aging. Plast Reconstr Surg 124:1296\u20131301","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"1879_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-861774","volume":"20","author":"JC Alex","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alex JC (2004) Aesthetic considerations in the elevation of the eye-brow. 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