{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T03:19:41Z","timestamp":1782184781082,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2020-I2M-C&T-A-018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-I2M-C&T-A-018"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Fund for Plastic Surgery Hospital","award":["YS202002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YS202002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aesth Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-022-02988-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T17:48:27Z","timestamp":1657561707000},"page":"690-699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Redefining Mandibular Sub-units: The \u201cABC\u201d Classification and Surgical Strategies for Lower Face Contouring"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Xiaoshuang","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianlei","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenzhi","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2894-4700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2988_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000001463","volume":"81","author":"X Mao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mao X, Fu X, Niu F, Chen Y, Jin Q, Qiao J, Gui L (2018) Three-dimensional analysis of mandibular angle classification and aesthetic evaluation of the lower face in Chinese female adults. Ann Plast Surg 81(1):12\u201317","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2988_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.2010.48","volume":"12","author":"X Mu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mu X (2010) Experience in East Asian facial recontouring: reduction malarplasty and mandibular reshaping. Arch Fac Plast Surg 12(4):222\u2013229","journal-title":"Arch Fac Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2988_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31826a18d3","volume":"72","author":"K Satoh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Satoh K, Mitsukawa N (2014) Mandibular marginal contouring in oriental aesthetic surgery: refined surgical concept and operative procedure. Ann Plast Surg 72(5):498\u2013502","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2988_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13098","volume":"19","author":"S Rajanala","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rajanala S, Maymone MBC, Vashi NA (2020) Evolving beauty-Creating and transforming inequalities. J Cosmet Dermatol 19(4):913\u2013914","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2988_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-011-9652-9","volume":"35","author":"Z Shao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shao Z, Peng Q, Xu Y, Xie Y, Yu B (2011) Combined long-curved ostectomy in the inferior mandibular border and angle of the mandible with splitting corticectomy for reduction of the lower face. Aesthet Plast Surg 35(3):382\u2013389","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2988_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/s002660010150","volume":"25","author":"SK Kim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kim SK, Han JJ, Kim JT (2001) Classification and treatment of prominent mandibular angle. Aesthet Plast Surg 25(5):382\u2013387","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2988_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02273834","volume":"15","author":"DB Yang","year":"1991","unstructured":"Yang DB, Park CG (1991) Mandibular contouring surgery for purely aesthetic reasons. Aesthet Plast Surg 15(1):53\u201360","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2988_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31820cf5a5","volume":"127","author":"MC Park","year":"2011","unstructured":"Park MC, Kang M, Lim H, Lee IJ, Shin SJ (2011) Mandibular tubercle resection: a means of maximizing the benefits of reduction mandibuloplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 127(5):2076\u20132082","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2988_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003932","volume":"141","author":"S Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park S, Lee TS (2018) Strategic considerations for effective sagittal resection of the mandible to achieve a slim and attractive jawline. Plast Reconstr Surg 141(1):152\u2013155","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2988_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318190e217","volume":"20","author":"Z Pu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pu Z, Zhang Y, Yang J, Liu T, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Qian Y, Qi Z (2009) Mandibular angle ostectomy for Chinese women: approaches and extent determined by cephalometric analysis. J Craniofac Surg 20(1):105\u2013110","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2988_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31820e9203","volume":"127","author":"J Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li J, Hsu Y, Khadka A, Hu J, Wang D, Wang Q (2011) Contouring of a square jaw on a short face by narrowing and sliding genioplasty combined with mandibular outer cortex ostectomy in orientals. Plast Reconstr Surg 127(5):2083\u20132092","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2988_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004817","volume":"142","author":"RJ Rohrich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rohrich RJ, Sanniec K, Afrooz PN (2018) Autologous fat grafting to the chin: a useful adjunct in complete aesthetic facial rejuvenation. Plast Reconstr Surg 142(4):921\u2013925","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2988_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-021-02356-7","volume":"46","author":"H Du","year":"2022","unstructured":"Du H, Zhang D, Jin X (2022) Reduction mandibuloplasty along with partial masseter muscle resection: masseter muscle response and bone regeneration. Aesthetic Plast Surg 46(1):310\u2013318","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2988_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005126","volume":"30","author":"C Lai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lai C, Jin X, Zong X, Song G (2019) En-bloc U-shaped osteotomy of the mandible and chin for the correction of a prominent mandibular angle with long chin. J Craniofac Surg 30(5):1359\u20131363","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2988_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-021-02181-y","volume":"45","author":"C Lai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lai C, Song G, Zong X, Jin X (2021) Facial contour refining after surgery-first SSRO with computer-assisted design in east Asians. Aesthet Plast Surg 45(4):1564\u20131572","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2988_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-019-01364-y","volume":"43","author":"G Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song G, Zong X, Guo X, Zhao J, Jin X (2019) Single-stage mandibular curved ostectomy on affected side combined with bilateral outer cortex grinding for correction of facial asymmetry: indications and outcomes. Aesthet Plast Surg 43(3):733\u2013741","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2988_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01654-w","volume":"44","author":"F Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang F, Qi Z, Du L, Song G, Zong X, Jin X (2020) The relationship between the facial proportion changes in hard tissue and the satisfaction of patients after reduction malarplasty: a research based on three-dimensional cephalometry. Aesthet Plast Surg 44(3):750\u2013763","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2988_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-018-1233-8","volume":"42","author":"P Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu P, Song G, Zong X, Yang X, Zhao J, Guo X, Lai C, Qi Z, Jin X (2018) Strategies of mandibular revision: a retrospective study of revisional mandibular surgery for unaesthetic results of previous mandibular reduction. Aesthet Plast Surg 42(6):1609\u20131617","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"2988_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2014.03.004","volume":"42","author":"C Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang C, Teng L, Chan FC, Xu JJ, Lu JJ, Xie F, Zhao JY, Xu MB, Jin XL (2014) Single stage surgery for contouring the prominent mandibular angle with a broad chin deformity: en-bloc Mandibular Angle-Body-Chin Curved Ostectomy (MABCCO) and Outer Cortex Grinding (OCG). J Craniomaxillofac Surg 42(7):1225\u20131233","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2988_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01611-7","volume":"44","author":"D Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang D, Du H, Song G, Zong X, Guo X, Lai C, Zhao J, Du L, Jin X (2020) Comparison of bilateral mandibular angle ostectomy between east Asian males and females: a study based on three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction. Aesthet Plast Surg 44(3):862\u2013871","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2988_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e485","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182903467","volume":"24","author":"J Zhao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhao J, Jin X, Teng L, Gui L (2013) Strategy to minimize oral mucosal tear and lip injury in facial contouring and orthognathic surgery. J Craniofac Surg 24(5):e485-486","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2988_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.12.019","volume":"46","author":"J Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao J, Song G, Zong X, Yang X, Du L, Guo X, Lai C, Qi Z, Jin X (2018) Volumetric mandibular change after angle ostectomy and outer cortex grinding. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 46(3):432\u2013437","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2988_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000006227","volume":"31","author":"J Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou J, Qi Z, Jin X (2020) Simultaneous surgery for contouring the prominent zygoma and mandibular angles with facelift in middle-aged patients. J Craniofac Surg 31(2):448\u2013452","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2988_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-019-01333-5","volume":"43","author":"SW Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee SW, Heo JW, Myung Y, Kim KK, Jin US (2019) A revision mandibuloplasty: causes, indications, surgical methods and treatment outcomes. Aesthet Plast Surg 43(3):726\u2013732","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2988_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005032","volume":"142","author":"P Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu P, Song G, Zong X, Jin X (2018) Strategic considerations for effective sagittal resection of the mandible to achieve a slim and attractive jawline. Plast Reconstr Surg 142(6):981e\u2013982e","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2988_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2011.08.002","volume":"65","author":"J Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li J, Hsu Y, Khadka A, Hu J, Wang Q, Wang D (2012) Surgical designs and techniques for mandibular contouring based on categorisation of square face with low gonial angle in orientals. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 65(1):e1-8","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"2988_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park SLJ (2018) The v-line surgery: narrowing genioplasty with mandible reduction. In: Seoul SP (ed) Facial bone contouring surgery: a practical guide. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., South Korea, pp 79\u201388","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-2726-0_9"},{"issue":"10","key":"2988_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.03.067","volume":"74","author":"XY Mao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mao XY, Fu X, Niu F, Chen Y, Jin Q, Qiao J, Gui L (2021) Computer-assisted mandibular curved osteotomy: an automatic method to design the new aesthetic gonion and osteotomy line. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 74(10):2622\u20132628","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2988_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2018.1863","volume":"21","author":"J Qiao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qiao J, Xu J, Fu X, Niu F, Gui L, Girod S, Yen CK, Liu J, Chen Y, Kwong JW et al (2019) Assessment of a novel standardized training system for mandibular contour surgeries. JAMA Fac Plast Surg 21(3):221\u2013229","journal-title":"JAMA Fac Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2988_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00449796","volume":"18","author":"SM Baek","year":"1994","unstructured":"Baek SM, Baek RM, Shin MS (1994) Refinement in aesthetic contouring of the prominent mandibular angle. Aesthet Plast Surg 18(3):283\u2013289","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2988_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000135904.40986.F8","volume":"114","author":"H Jin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jin H, Kim BG (2004) Mandibular angle reduction versus mandible reduction. Plast Reconstr Surg 114(5):1263\u20131269","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2988_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000001149","volume":"79","author":"X Fu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fu X, Qiao J, Girod S, Niu F, Liu JF, Lee GK, Gui L (2017) Standardized protocol for virtual surgical plan and 3-dimensional surgical template-assisted single-stage mandible contour surgery. Ann Plast Surg 79(3):236\u2013242","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"2988_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000006516","volume":"31","author":"HS Yoo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yoo HS, Byun IH, Ahn DK, Lee JH, Yoo WM (2020) Multiplane facelift following facial bone contouring for enhanced mobilization and rejuvenation. J Craniofac Surg 31(7):1962\u20131966","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-022-02988-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00266-022-02988-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-022-02988-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T14:04:21Z","timestamp":1680530661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00266-022-02988-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-022-02988-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-216X","1432-5241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-216X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All the authors have nothing to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Participants"}},{"value":"We appreciate the patients who gave the consent for releasing their photographs, CT scans, and preoperative simulation video. The informed consent was signed by the patients.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}