{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:19:27Z","timestamp":1790666367598,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aesth Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We designed a survey to evaluate preferences of facial appearance in transgender male (TM), transgender female (TF) and gender nonbinary patients to better inform goals of facial gender affirming surgery (FGAS) in gender nonbinary patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>TM\/TF and nonbinary patients &gt;\u00a018 years old were identified via retrospective chart review and distributed an anonymized survey via email from October 3 to December 31, 2022. To assess facial preferences, AI-generated and open-source portraits were edited to create five image sets with a range of features from masculine to feminine for the forehead, mandible\/chin and hairline. Data were analyzed using Fisher\u2019s exact tests and ANOVA in R-Studio.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Survey response rate was 32% (180 patients identified via chart review, 58 respondents; TM\u00a0=\u00a05, TF\u00a0=\u00a039, nonbinary\u00a0=\u00a014). TM and TF patients as well as TF and nonbinary patients had significantly different preferences for all regions (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.005; all series), while TM and nonbinary patients did not (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =&gt;\u00a00.05; all series). TF patients consistently selected 4s with neutral or more feminine features. TM and nonbinary patients, however, demonstrated no consistent preference for either male or female features but rather a range of responses spanning extremes of both masculine and feminine options. When stratified by sex assigned at birth, nonbinary patients consistently identified preferences opposite to their assigned gender.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Gender nonbinary and TM patients appear to have uniquely individual preferences regarding facial appearance that do not fit into classically masculine or feminine patterns\/phenotypes. As a result, we recommend individualized preoperative planning for FGAS to achieve the optimal result in these patient populations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Level of Evidence IV<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/00266\">www.springer.com\/00266<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-023-03715-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T17:01:45Z","timestamp":1699376505000},"page":"621-632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Assessing Preferences of Facial Appearance in Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Brendan J.","family":"Cronin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Fadich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3715_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198504000-00011","volume":"75","author":"LG Farkas","year":"1985","unstructured":"Farkas LG, Sohm P, Kolar JC, Katic MJ, Munro IR (1985) Inclinations of the facial profile: art versus reality. Plast Reconstr Surg 75(4):509\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006534-198504000-00011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3715_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)31488-7","volume":"14","author":"LG Farkas","year":"1987","unstructured":"Farkas LG, Kolar JC (1987) Anthropometrics and art in the aesthetics of women\u2019s faces. Clin Plast Surg 14(4):599\u2013616","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"3715_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000258954.55068.b4","volume":"59","author":"LG Farkas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Farkas LG, Katic MJ, Forrest CR (2007) Comparison of craniofacial measurements of young adult African-American and North American white males and females. Ann Plast Surg 59(6):692\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.sap.0000258954.55068.b4","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3715_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200303000-00004","volume":"14","author":"M Budai","year":"2003","unstructured":"Budai M, Farkas LG, Tompson B, Katic M, Forrest CR (2003) Relation between anthropometric and cephalometric measurements and proportions of the face of healthy young white adult men and women. J Craniofac Surg 14(2):154\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001665-200303000-00004. (discussion 162-3)","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"3715_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s002660010029","volume":"24","author":"LG Farkas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Farkas LG, Forrest CR, Litsas L (2000) Revision of neoclassical facial canons in young adult Afro-Americans. Aesthetic Plast Surg 24(3):179\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002660010029","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"3715_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198705000-00003","volume":"79","author":"DK Ousterhout","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ousterhout DK (1987) Feminization of the forehead: contour changing to improve female aesthetics. Plast Reconstr Surg 79(5):701\u2013713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006534-198705000-00003","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3715_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318200afdb","volume":"127","author":"F Fang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fang F, Clapham PJ, Chung KC (2011) A systematic review of interethnic variability in facial dimensions. Plast Reconstr Surg 127(2):874\u2013881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318200afdb","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"3715_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000007283","volume":"146","author":"V Lambros","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lambros V, Amos G (2020) Facial shape, size, and gender. Plast Reconstr Surg 146(5):1012\u20131014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000007283","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"3715_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005391","volume":"30","author":"JC Deschamps-Braly","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deschamps-Braly JC (2019) Approach to feminization surgery and facial masculinization surgery: aesthetic goals and principles of management. J Craniofac Surg 30(5):1352\u20131358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005391","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"3715_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2021.00199","volume":"48","author":"BN Dang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dang BN, Hu AC, Bertrand AA et al (2021) Evaluation and treatment of facial feminization surgery: part I. Forehead, orbits, eyebrows, eyes, and nose. Arch Plast Surg 48(5):503\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5999\/aps.2021.00199","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3715_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2021.01956","volume":"49","author":"BN Dang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dang BN, Hu AC, Bertrand AA, Chan CH, Jain NS, Pfaff MJ, Lee JC, Lee JC (2022) Evaluation and treatment of facial feminization surgery: part II. Lips, midface, mandible, chin, and laryngeal prominence. Arch Plast Surg 49(1):5\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5999\/aps.2021.01956","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3715_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1758383","volume":"50","author":"AC Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu AC, Liu MT, Chan CH et al (2023) Gender affirming surgery in nonbinary patients: a single institutional experience. Arch Plast Surg 50(1):63\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-1758383","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"3715_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2010.02.001","volume":"38","author":"MK Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee MK, Sakai O, Spiegel JH (2010) CT measurement of the frontal sinus - gender differences and implications for frontal cranioplasty. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 38(7):494\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2010.02.001","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"3715_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2013.40.5.610","volume":"40","author":"KM Moon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moon KM, Cho G, Sung HM, Jung MS, Tak KS, Jung SW, Lee HB, Suh IS (2013) Nasal anthropometry on facial computed tomography scans for rhinoplasty in Koreans. Arch Plast Surg 40(5):610\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5999\/aps.2013.40.5.610","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"3715_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2005.08.008","volume":"59","author":"SC Leong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leong SC, White PS (2006) A comparison of aesthetic proportions between the healthy Caucasian nose and the aesthetic ideal. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 59(3):248\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2005.08.008","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3715_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1584234","volume":"32","author":"FB Naini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Naini FB, Cobourne MT, Garagiola U, McDonald F, Wertheim D (2016) Nasofrontal angle and nasal dorsal aesthetics: a quantitative investigation of idealized and normative values. Facial Plast Surg 32(4):444\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0036-1584234","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"3715_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2012.01.012","volume":"41","author":"FB Naini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Naini FB, Donaldson AN, McDonald F, Cobourne MT (2012) Assessing the influence of chin prominence on perceived attractiveness in the orthognathic patient, clinician and layperson. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 41(7):839\u2013846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijom.2012.01.012","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3715_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.12.012","volume":"44","author":"MY Mommaerts","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mommaerts MY (2016) The ideal male jaw angle: AN Internet survey. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 44(4):381\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.12.012","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"3715_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-016-1771-1","volume":"39","author":"S Sirinturk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sirinturk S, Bagheri H, Govsa F, Pinar Y, Ozer MA (2017) Study of frontal hairline patterns for natural design and restoration. Surg Radiol Anat 39(6):679\u2013684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00276-016-1771-1","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"6","key":"3715_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2009.01154.x","volume":"35","author":"BP Nusbaum","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nusbaum BP, Fuentefria S (2009) Naturally occurring female hairline patterns. Dermatol Surg 35(6):907\u2013913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2009.01154.x","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"3715_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003751","volume":"9","author":"K Kashiyama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kashiyama K, Haraguchi R, Ban F, Yoshida D, Fukuda M, Date N, Koga K, Koga K, Tanaka K (2021) Study of frontal and temporal hairline patterns in Japanese subjects. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 9(8):e3751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003751","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"3715_CR22","volume-title":"Facial feminization surgery: a guide for the transgendered woman","author":"DK Ousterhout","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ousterhout DK (2009) Facial feminization surgery: a guide for the transgendered woman. Medically Necessary Systems, San Francisco"},{"issue":"12","key":"3715_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4249","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124249","volume":"17","author":"T Sella Tunis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sella Tunis T, Hershkovitz I, May H, Vardimon AD, Sarig R, Shpack N (2020) Variation in chin and mandibular symphysis size and shape in males and females: a CT-based study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(12):4249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17124249","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"3715_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2009.03.013","volume":"38","author":"S Anic-Milosevic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Anic-Milosevic S, Mestrovic S, Prli\u0107 A, Slaj M (2010) Proportions in the upper lip-lower lip-chin area of the lower face as determined by photogrammetric method. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 38(2):90\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2009.03.013","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"3715_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002952","volume":"88","author":"NV Siringo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siringo NV, Berman ZP, Boczar D, Chaya BF, Diep GK, Trilles J, Mazzei S, Rodriguez Colon R, Rodriguez ED (2022) Techniques and trends of facial feminization surgery: a systematic review and representative case report. Ann Plast Surg 88(6):704\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002952","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6S","key":"3715_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/01.GOX.0000842648.96227.7d","volume":"10","author":"RM Caprini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Caprini RM, Oberoi MK, Dejam D, Chan CH, Potemra H, Lee JC (2022) 82. Gender-affirming facial feminization surgery improves patient-reported psychosocial outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 10(6S):54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.GOX.0000842648.96227.7d","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"3715_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004933","volume":"11","author":"LG Galbraith","year":"2023","unstructured":"Galbraith LG, Schnall M, Aultman JM (2023) Facial feminization considerations for the transgender patient. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 11(4):e4933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004933","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"3715_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP123","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy253","volume":"39","author":"M Ascha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ascha M, Swanson MA, Massie JP, Evans MW, Chambers C, Ginsberg BA, Gatherwright J, Satterwhite T, Morrison SD, Gougoutas AJ (2019) Nonsurgical management of facial masculinization and feminization. Aesthet Surg J 39(5):NP123\u2013NP137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjy253","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"7","key":"3715_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-3376","volume":"9","author":"AH Ching","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ching AH, Hirschman A, Lu X, Maniskas S, Forte AJ, Alperovich M, Persing JA (2021) Perception of femininity and attractiveness in facial feminization surgery. Ann Transl Med 9(7):602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm-20-3376","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3715_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003149","volume":"139","author":"L Capit\u00e1n","year":"2017","unstructured":"Capit\u00e1n L, Simon D, Meyer T, Alcaide A, Wells A, Bail\u00f3n C, Bellinga RJ, Ten\u00f3rio T, Capit\u00e1n-Ca\u00f1adas F (2017) Facial feminization surgery: simultaneous hair transplant during forehead reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 139(3):573\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003149","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"3715_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-012-9939-5","volume":"36","author":"SW Cho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cho SW, Jin HR (2012) Feminization of the forehead in a transgender: frontal sinus reshaping combined with brow lift and hairline lowering. Aesthet Plast Surg 36(5):1207\u20131210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-012-9939-5","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"3715_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28370","volume":"130","author":"L Garcia-Rodriguez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garcia-Rodriguez L, Thain LM, Spiegel JH (2020) Scalp advancement for transgender women: closing the gap. Laryngoscope 130(6):1431\u20131435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.28370","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"3715_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003486","volume":"9","author":"K Pansritum","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pansritum K (2021) Forehead and hairline surgery for gender affirmation. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 9(3):e3486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003486","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"3715_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2022.05.003","volume":"55","author":"AV Sluzky","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sluzky AV, Lyubchenko AV, Magomedova AM (2022) Three-dimensional planning in hairline surgery of transgender patients. Otolaryngol Clin N Am 55(4):885\u2013890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otc.2022.05.003","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin N Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"3715_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2020.0041","volume":"6","author":"MP Galupo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Galupo MP, Pulice-Farrow L, Pehl E (2021) \u201cThere is nothing to do about it\u201d: nonbinary individuals\u2019 experience of gender dysphoria. Transgend Health 6(2):101\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/trgh.2020.0041","journal-title":"Transgend Health"},{"key":"3715_CR36","unstructured":"Generated Photos (2022) Face generator\u2014generate realistic faces with AI. Generated Photos. Retrieved from https:\/\/generated.photos\/face-generator\/new"},{"key":"3715_CR37","unstructured":"OpenAI (2021) DALL\u00b7E: creating images from text. OpenAI Blog. Retrieved from https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/dall-e\/"},{"key":"3715_CR38","unstructured":"Facetune (n.d.) Facetune\u2014perfect selfies, every time. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.facetuneapp.com\/"},{"key":"3715_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-54851-2_1","volume-title":"Subspace methods for pattern recognition in intelligent environment. Studies in computational intelligence","author":"H Lu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lu H, Yang F (2014) Active shape model and its application to face alignment. In: Chen YW, Jain LC (eds) Subspace methods for pattern recognition in intelligent environment. Studies in computational intelligence, vol 552. Springer, Berlin. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-54851-2_1"},{"issue":"1","key":"3715_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006342","volume":"145","author":"K Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen K, Lu SM, Cheng R, Fisher M, Zhang BH, Di Maggio M, Bradley JP (2020) Facial recognition neural networks confirm success of facial feminization surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 145(1):203\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006342","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"3715_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4210","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004210","volume":"10","author":"AR Tirrell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tirrell AR, Abu El Hawa AA, Bekeny JC, Chang BL, Del Corral G (2022) Facial feminization surgery: a systematic review of perioperative surgical planning and outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 10(3):e4210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004210","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"3715_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009196","volume":"150","author":"JA Alford","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alford JA, Mao D, Comstock B, Smartt JM Jr (2022) The use of validated visual scales in plastic surgery: where are we now? Plast Reconstr Surg 150(1):69e\u201382e. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009196","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"3715_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003048","volume":"8","author":"V Patel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel V, Mazzaferro DM, Sarwer DB, Bartlett SP (2020) Beauty and the mask. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 8:e3048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003048","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-023-03715-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00266-023-03715-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-023-03715-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T16:09:49Z","timestamp":1710950989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00266-023-03715-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["3715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-023-03715-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-216X","1432-5241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-216X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no financial interests including products, devices, or drugs associated with this manuscript. There are no commercial associations that might pose or create a conflict of interest with information presented in this manuscript such as consultancies, stock ownership, or patent licensing. All sources of funds supporting the completion of this manuscript are under the auspices of the University of California Los Angeles.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}