{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T02:11:47Z","timestamp":1785809507449,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009754","name":"Galderma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009754","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aesth Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Aesthetic improvement of the chin is increasingly requested by patients, including those of Chinese origin.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A randomized, evaluator-blinded, no-treatment controlled study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of a flexible hyaluronic acid (HA) filler, Restylane<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> Defyne<jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup> (HA<jats:sub>DEF<\/jats:sub>), in the correction of chin retrusion in a Chinese adult population over 12\u00a0months after treatment. On Day 1, subjects were randomized 3:1 into two groups, HA<jats:sub>DEF<\/jats:sub> or delayed-treatment controls, and those in the HA<jats:sub>DEF<\/jats:sub> group were administered treatment. An optional touch-up treatment was administered 1\u00a0month after treatment to obtain optimal chin augmentation. The initially untreated control group was offered delayed-treatment after 6 months (including 1-month touch-up).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>HA<jats:sub>DEF<\/jats:sub> was superior to no-treatment in improving chin retrusion according to the blinded evaluator at 6\u00a0months [Galderma Chin Retrusion Scale (GCRS) responder rate (\u2265\u00a01-point improvement from baseline) of 81% vs<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> 5% for untreated controls; <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001, meeting the primary effectiveness objective. A majority of subjects maintained improvement at 12\u00a0months (61% in the HA<jats:sub>DEF<\/jats:sub> group). All subjects reported satisfaction with results at 6\u00a0months after treatment with HA<jats:sub>DEF<\/jats:sub> and aesthetic improvement rates per the global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) were high for 12\u00a0months following treatment, with an acceptable safety profile.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These results demonstrated HA<jats:sub>DEF<\/jats:sub> to be effective and safe for the correction of mild-to-moderate chin retrusion in Chinese subjects, confirming findings previously observed in a western population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Level of Evidence I<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p> This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/00266\">www.springer.com\/00266<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-023-03812-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T16:02:07Z","timestamp":1707148927000},"page":"1030-1036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Chin Augmentation and Treatment of Chin Retrusion with a Flexible Hyaluronic Acid Filler in Asian Subjects: A Randomized, Controlled, Evaluator-Blinded Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03597256","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sufan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torun","family":"Brom\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7822-618X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"3812_CR1","unstructured":"International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) (2023) ISAPS international survey on aesthetic\/cosmetic procedures performed in 2021. https:\/\/isaps.org\/media\/vdpdanke\/isaps-global-survey_2021.pdf. Accessed 30 Mar 2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"3812_CR2","first-page":"26","volume":"25","author":"J Zhou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhou J, Lyu W, Fan J-F et al (2014) Chin augmentation with hyaluronic acid injection. Chin J Aesth Plast Surg 25(1):26\u201328","journal-title":"Chin J Aesth Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"3812_CR3","first-page":"194","volume":"52","author":"HJ Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang HJ, Yu B, Niu F et al (2017) Clinical application and observation of injectable modified sodium hyaluronate gel filler for facial cosmetic surgery. Chin J Stomatol 52(3):194\u2013197","journal-title":"Chin J Stomatol"},{"key":"3812_CR4","unstructured":"FDA. Directions for use: Restylane Defyne [package insert]. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/cdrh_docs\/pdf14\/P140029S027C.pdf. Accessed 5 May 2023"},{"issue":"6","key":"3812_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009733","volume":"150","author":"K Marcus","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marcus K, Moradi A, Kaufman-Janette J et al (2022) A randomized trial to assess effectiveness and safety of a hyaluronic acid filler for chin augmentation and correction of chin retrusion. Plast Reconstr Surg 150(6):1240e\u20131248e","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"3812_CR6","first-page":"982","volume":"17","author":"B Lundgren","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lundgren B et al (2018) Using a new photo scale to compare product integration of different hyaluronan-based fillers after injection in human ex vivo skin. J Drugs Dermatol 17(9):982\u2013986","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"3812_CR7","first-page":"47","volume":"8","author":"\u00c5 \u00d6hrlund","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u00d6hrlund \u00c5 (2018) Evaluation of rheometry amplitude sweep cross-over point as an index of flexibility for HA fillers. J Cosmet, Dermatol Sci Appl. 8:47\u201354","journal-title":"J Cosmet, Dermatol Sci Appl."},{"issue":"9","key":"3812_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000002269","volume":"46","author":"A Moradi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moradi A et al (2020) Validation of photonumeric assessment scales for temple volume deficit, infraorbital hollows, and chin retrusion. Dermatol Surg 46(9):1148\u20131154","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"3812_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3219","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003219","volume":"8","author":"HJ Moon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moon HJ et al (2020) Expert consensus on hyaluronic acid filler facial injection for chinese patients. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 8(10):e3219","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"3812_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12980","volume":"19","author":"S Samizadeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Samizadeh S (2020) Chinese facial physiognomy and modern day aesthetic practice. J Cosmet Dermatol 19(1):161\u2013166","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3812_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01808-w","volume":"44","author":"S Liew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liew S, Wu WTL, Chan HH et al (2020) Consensus on changing trends, attitudes, and concepts of asian beauty. 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Drs. Yun Xie, Hongyi Zhao, Wenyu Wu, Jinhua Xu, Bi Li, Sufan Wu, and Qingfeng Li were investigators in the clinical trial. Kevin Chen and Torun Brom\u00e9e are employees of Galderma.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"The study was approved by independent ethics committees, conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki, and was conducted in accordance with ISO14155 and Good Clinical Practice.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Subjects signed informed consent for participation.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}