{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T10:56:15Z","timestamp":1793271375561,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710720000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aesth Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To compare outcomes of lower eyelid retraction repair using a subperiosteal midface lifting technique with and without posterior lamellar grafts.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Charts of patients undergoing a sub-periosteal midface lift for treatment of lower eyelid retraction using 4 techniques for posterior lamellar reconstruction were reviewed. Thirty patients were included in each of the groups: midface with hard palate graft (HPG), midface lift with acellular cadaveric graft (ADG), midface lift with retractor disinsertion (RD) and midface lift alone (NG). Measurements of distance from pupil center to lower lid margin (MRD2) and from lateral limbus to lower lid margin (MRD2<jats:sub>limbus)<\/jats:sub> were taken from pre- and postoperative photographs and compared. Secondary outcomes included rates of reoperation, major and minor complications, resolution of symptoms and keratopathy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>One hundred twenty operations were assessed (<jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u200930 for each surgical group). The average follow-up time was 20 weeks. The median MRD2 elevation was 0.95 mm (NG), 0.85 mm (HPG), 1.59 mm (ADG) and 1.02 mm (RD). The median MRD2<jats:sub>limbus<\/jats:sub> elevation was 1.06 mm (NG), 0.92 mm (HPG), 1.45 mm (ADG) and 1.12 mm (RD). There were no significant differences in MRD2 or MRD2<jats:sub>limbus<\/jats:sub> between the 4 groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.06 and 0.29, respectively). Reoperation rates were highest with in the hard palate graft group (33%) compared to other techniques (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.0006).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Similar degrees of lower eyelid elevation were achieved with all the midface lifting techniques, and complication rates did not significantly differ between techniques. However, the higher reoperation rates with the use of spacer grafts suggest that a no-graft technique may be preferable.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Level of Evidence III<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/00266\">www.springer.com\/00266<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-024-03950-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T20:01:28Z","timestamp":1710792088000},"page":"1920-1925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cheeklift With and Without Posterior Lamellar Spacer Grafts for Treatment of Lower Eyelid Retraction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Christie K.","family":"Campla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Awh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0161-6216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole P.","family":"Rebollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian D.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"3950_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.05.014","volume":"113","author":"GJ Ben Simon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ben Simon GJ, Lee S, Schwarcz RM, McCann JD, Goldberg RA (2006) Subperiosteal midface lift with or without a hard palate mucosal graft for correction of lower eyelid retraction. Ophthalmology 113:1869\u20131873","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3950_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000946","volume":"34","author":"A Barmettler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barmettler A, Heo M (2018) A prospective, randomized comparison of lower eyelid retraction repair with autologous auricular cartilage, bovine acellular dermal matrix (surgimend), and porcine acellular dermal matrix (enduragen) spacer grafts. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 34(3):266\u2013273","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"3950_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000177694.39466.b2","volume":"116","author":"TG Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li TG, Shorr N, Goldberg RA (2005) Comparison of the efficacy of hard palate grafts with acellular human dermis grafts in lower eyelid surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 116:873\u2013878","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"3950_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjx003","volume":"37","author":"E Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park E, Lewis K, Alghoul MS (2017) Comparison of efficacy and complications among various spacer grafts in the treatment of lower eyelid retraction: a systematic review. Aesthet Surg J 37:743\u2013754","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"3950_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjw146","volume":"37","author":"MR Taban","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taban MR (2017) Lower eyelid retraction surgery without internal spacer graft. Aesthet Surg J 37:133\u2013136","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-024-03950-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00266-024-03950-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-024-03950-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T18:25:59Z","timestamp":1716920759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00266-024-03950-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["3950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-024-03950-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-216X","1432-5241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-216X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. No financial support was received for this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"For this type of study formal consent is not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}