{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:41:23Z","timestamp":1792003283293,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aesth Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study aimed to elucidate the effects of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) treatment for patients diagnosed with masseter hypertrophy on the temporalis muscle, with a particular focus on assessing alterations in muscle thickness, electromyographic (EMG) activity, and the development of muscle pain.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present randomized triple-blinded clinical trial enrolled 26 female participants aged between 25 and 50 years complaining about masseter hypertrophy. Participants received 75U of BoNT-A (abobotulinumtoxinA) in both masseter muscles and after three months were randomized to receive a second treatment session of saline solution (S-BoNT-A) or BoNT-A (M-BoNT-A). Longitudinal assessments included temporalis muscle thickness through ultrasound, EMG activity, subjective pain, and masseter prominence severity after one, three, and six months of the first injection session. Muscle thickness, EMG, and subjective pain were analysed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and post hoc Sidak test, and for masseter prominence severity, Friedman and Mann\u2013Whitney tests were used.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Regarding inter-group comparisons, a higher muscle thickness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.02) and a higher EMG activity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) were found in the M-BoNT-A group at the 6-month follow-up. For subjective pain assessments, inter-group comparisons showed a higher prevalence of painful regions in M-BoNT-A group at the 6-month follow-up (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.02). No significant differences were found in masseter prominence severity at the 6 months assessment between groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>BoNT-A treatment for masseter hypertrophy lead to structural and functional changes in the temporalis muscle, presenting higher changes after multiple injections of this treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Level of Evidence I<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/00266\">www.springer.com\/00266<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-024-04064-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T20:23:31Z","timestamp":1715631811000},"page":"3979-3987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Temporalis Muscle Changes Following Botulinum Toxin A Injections in Masseter Hypertrophy Patients: A Randomized Triple-Blinded Trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Bryanne B.","family":"de Souza Nobre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"de Oliveira Resende Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Lorenzi","family":"Poluha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Barbosa","family":"C\u00e2mara-Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Claudia","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre Mariz","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasios","family":"Grigoriadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0921-342X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giancarlo","family":"De la Torre Canales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4064_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005083","volume":"143","author":"RM Almukhtar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Almukhtar RM, Fabi SG (2019) The masseter muscle and its role in facial contouring, aging, and quality of life: a literature review. 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