{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:11:04Z","timestamp":1789683064358,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aesth Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-024-04300-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T16:02:34Z","timestamp":1724688154000},"page":"4272-4279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mandibular Gender Dimorphism: The Utility of Artificial Intelligence and Statistical Shape Modeling in Skeletal Facial Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Jess D.","family":"Rames","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdallah A.","family":"Shehab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre M.","family":"Pazelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria A.","family":"Sears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Wentworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8584-2220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basel A.","family":"Sharaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"4300_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00190","author":"B Fink","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fink B, Penton-Voak I (2002) Evolutionary psychology of facial attractiveness. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8721.00190","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"key":"4300_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094238","author":"DY Tsao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsao DY, Livingstone MS (2008) Mechanisms of face perception. Annu Rev Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094238","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"4300_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-018-9459-y","author":"A Nobili","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nobili A, Glazebrook C, Arcelus J (2018) Quality of life of treatment-seeking transgender adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11154-018-9459-y","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"4300_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303578","author":"EL Meerwijk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meerwijk EL, Sevelius JM (2017) Transgender population size in the United States: a meta- regression of population-based probability samples. Am J Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303578","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"4300_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2021.0301","author":"JJ Bannister","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bannister JJ, Juszczak H, Aponte JD et al (2022) Sex differences in adult facial three dimensional morphology application to gender-affirming facial surgery. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/fpsam.2021.0301","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med"},{"key":"4300_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008668","author":"D Coon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coon D, Berli J, Oles N et al (2022) Facial gender surgery systematic review and evidence- based consensus guidelines from the international facial gender symposium. Plastic Reconstr Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008668","journal-title":"Plastic Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"4300_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00497","author":"J Roosenboom","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roosenboom J, Indencleef K, Lee MK et al (2018) SNPs associated with testosterone levels influence human facial morphology. Front Genet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2018.00497","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"4300_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2013.03.005","author":"CE Lefevre","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lefevre CE, Lewis GJ, Perrett DI, Penke L (2013) Telling facial metrics: Facial width is associated with testosterone levels in men. Evol Human Behav. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2013.03.005","journal-title":"Evol Human Behav"},{"key":"4300_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000009189","author":"PI Perez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Perez PI, Hendershot K, Teixeira JC et al (2023) Analysis of cephalometric points in male and female mandibles: an application to gender-affirming facial surgery. J Cranio Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0000000000009189","journal-title":"J Cranio Surg"},{"key":"4300_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008969","author":"D Simon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Simon D, Capit\u00e1n L, Bail\u00f3n C et al (2022) Facial gender confirmation surgery: the lower jaw. Description of surgical techniques and presentation of results. Plast Reconstr Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008969","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"4300_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2021.01956","author":"BN Dang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dang BN, Hu AC, Bertrand AA et al (2022) Evaluation and treatment of facial feminization surgery. part II lips, midface, mandible, chin and laryngeal prominence. Arch Plast Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5999\/aps.2021.01956","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"key":"4300_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2021.02.020","author":"P Heutinck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heutinck P, Knoops P, Florez NR et al (2021) Statistical shape modelling for the analysis of head shape variations. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2021.02.020","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"4300_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00942","author":"Y Hu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu Y, Abbasi N, Ul H, Zhang Y, Chen H (2018) The effect of target sex, sexual dimorphism, and facial attractiveness on perceptions of target attractiveness and trustworthiness. Front Psychol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00942","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"4300_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006837","author":"SD Morrison","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morrison SD, Capit\u00e1n-Ca\u00f1adas F, S\u00e1nchez-Garci\u00e1 A et al (2020) Prospective quality-of-life outcomes after facial feminization surgery: an international multicenter study. Plast Reconstr Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006837","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"4300_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12949","author":"Y Fan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fan Y, Penington A, Kilpatrick N et al (2019) Quantification of mandibular sexual dimorphism during adolescence. J Anat. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.12949","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"4300_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gox.0000584468.14112.e3","author":"SM Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu SM, Chen K, Fisher M et al (2019) Evaluating the success of facial feminization surgery through artificial and human intelligence. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.gox.0000584468.14112.e3","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"4300_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.12.012","author":"MY Mommaerts","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mommaerts MY (2016) The ideal male jaw angle - An Internet survey. J Cranio- Maxillofac Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.12.012","journal-title":"J Cranio- Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"4300_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-023-03715-2","author":"BJ Cronin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cronin BJ, Fadich S, Lee JC (2023) Assessing preferences of facial appearance in transgender and gender nonbinary patients. Aesthet Plast Surg Published online. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-023-03715-2","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg. Published online"},{"key":"4300_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000008386","author":"VS Kotha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kotha VS, Kanuri A, Mandelbaum M et al (2022) Simultaneous zygomatic osteotomies with reduction mandibuloplasty - an approach to mid- and lower-facial feminization in the transfeminine patient. J Cranio Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0000000000008386","journal-title":"J Cranio Surg"},{"key":"4300_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2022.07.015","author":"A Glorion","year":"2022","unstructured":"Glorion A, Perrillat A, Foletti JM, Cristofari S (2022) Surgical techniques used in chin feminization: Literature review and knowledge update. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jormas.2022.07.015","journal-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"4300_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004210","author":"AR Tirrell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tirrell AR, Abu El Hawa AA, Bekeny JC, Chang BL, Del Corral G (2022) Facial feminization surgery: a systematic review of perioperative surgical planning and outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004210","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"4300_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000009885","author":"MCG Williams","year":"2023","unstructured":"Williams MCG, Almeida M, Alper DP et al (2023) Technique for cephalometric analysis of the craniofacial skeleton following facial feminization surgery. J Cranio Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0000000000009885","journal-title":"J Cranio Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4300_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1976.0130","volume":"92","author":"KM Platzer","year":"1976","unstructured":"Platzer KM (1976) The cephalometric analysis of craniofacial architecture. J Am Dent Assoc. 92(5):660\u2013665","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc."},{"key":"4300_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13142360","author":"K Yao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yao K, Xie Y, Xia L, Wei S, Yu W, Shen G (2023) The reliability of three-dimensional landmark-based craniomaxillofacial and airway cephalometric analysis. Diagnostics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13142360","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"4300_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003032","author":"K Kuwahara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuwahara K, Hikosaka M, Takamatsu A et al (2020) Average models and 3-dimensional growth patterns of the healthy infant cranium. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003032","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"4300_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98421-x","author":"C Klop","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klop C, Becking AG, Klop C et al (2021) A three-dimensional statistical shape model of the growing mandible. Sci Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-98421-x","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4300_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-017-1614-5","author":"N Rodriguez-Florez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Florez N, Bruse JL, Borghi A et al (2017) Statistical shape modelling to aid surgical planning: associations between surgical parameters and head shapes following spring-assisted cranioplasty. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-017-1614-5","journal-title":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-024-04300-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00266-024-04300-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-024-04300-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T07:03:45Z","timestamp":1732518225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00266-024-04300-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["4300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-024-04300-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-216X","1432-5241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-216X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose. This includes relevant commercial products, licenses, or software mentioned herein.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol received approval from our Institutional Review Board (IRB) under the reference number 18-009730.\u00a0Every author was provided with access to the software licenses for data processing by the hospital.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was not required due to the nature of the study. The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) files were anonymized after the data acquisition stage and making sure no duplicate scans are used for the same individual.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human Rights and Informed Consent"}}]}}