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This anaesthetic technique is designed to achieve both vasoconstriction and anaesthesia. In this article, we present a modified TLA protocol specifically adapted for reduction mammaplasty, based on an analysis of clinical case histories collected over the past few years.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>During the period from 2012 to 2022, we performed a reduction mammaplasty procedure in 120 patients employing tumescent local anaesthesia (TLA). The composition of the tumescent solution included 25\u00a0mL of 2% lidocaine, 8\u00a0mEq of sodium bicarbonate, and 1\u00a0mL of epinephrine (1\u00a0mg\/1\u00a0mL) in 1000\u00a0mL of 0.9% saline solution. The solution was injected diffusely throughout the mammary gland.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The average volume of tumescent solution infiltrated during TLA was 350\u00a0mL per breast. There were no cases of adrenaline or lidocaine toxicity, and no patients required conversion to general anaesthesia. No patient received sedation. Patients reported no pain or discomfort during pre-operative infiltration or during surgery.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>No reinterventions were necessary because of short-term complications. Among the complications, there were 4 cases of hematoma (3,3%), 3 cases of seroma (2,55%), 10 cases of wound dehiscence (8,3%), 5 cases of asymmetry (4,1%), 9 cases of T-junction breakdown (7,5%), 2 cases of (partial) nipple necrosis (1,6%), and 3 cases of liponecrosis (2,5%).<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>No cases of infection or total nipple-areola loss were reported. The follow-up period was between 30 days and 1\u00a0year.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Reduction mammaplasty is a viable surgical option for women with macromastia seeking to enhance their physiognomy. It is imperative that patients fully understand the potential benefits and risks associated with the procedure and consult with healthcare professionals specialising in this field.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>The use of tumescent local anaesthesia (TLA) has been confirmed as a safe and effective methodology to perform reduction mammaplasty, ensuring adequate pain control with minimal post-operative complications and resulting in a high degree of patient satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Level of Evidence IV<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/00266\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">www.springer.com\/00266<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-024-04412-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T14:01:43Z","timestamp":1727618503000},"page":"1708-1714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Advancing Reduction Mammaplasty Surgery: Advancements and Outcomes with Tumescent Local Anaesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Arrica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Tettamanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Ziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Filigheddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Trignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrado","family":"Rubino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Trignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4412_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-018-1181-3","volume":"43","author":"A Bolletta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bolletta A, Dessy LA, Fiorot L, Tronci A, Rusciani A, Ciudad P, Trignano E (2019) Sub-muscular breast augmentation using tumescent local anesthesia. 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