{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:05:20Z","timestamp":1785816320704,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aesth Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-025-05072-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T16:12:39Z","timestamp":1752509559000},"page":"6485-6496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Qualitative Terms Used In Rhinoplasty: A Scoping Review \u2014Toward Establishing a Bridge Between Qualitative Terminology and Quantifiability"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2877-6172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mazhar","family":"\u00c7elikoyar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6723-1644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aidan","family":"Beeching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7996-4763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther M.","family":"Sarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5758-9050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Dobratz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9731-6946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oguzhan","family":"Topsakal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"5072_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1271295","volume":"27","author":"P Palma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Palma P, Khodaei I, Tasman AJ. A guide to the assessment and analysis of the rhinoplasty patient. Facial Plast Surg. 2011;27(02):146\u201359.","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"5072_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab279","volume":"42","author":"DM Toriumi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Toriumi DM. Commentary on: facial surface anthropometric features and measurements with an emphasis on rhinoplasty. Aesthet Surg J. 2022;42(2):149\u201350.","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"6","key":"5072_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005619","volume":"143","author":"NL Villanueva","year":"2019","unstructured":"Villanueva NL, Afrooz PN, Carboy JA, Rohrich RJ. Nasal analysis: considerations for ethnic variation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;143(6):1179e-e1188.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"5072_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1766100","volume":"39","author":"HG Gassner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gassner HG, Ordonez F, Nunes R. The limits of evidence in rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg FPS. 2023;39(4):327\u201332.","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg FPS."},{"issue":"2","key":"5072_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab190","volume":"42","author":"MM Celikoyar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Celikoyar MM, P\u00e9rez MF, Akba\u015f MI, Topsakal O. Facial surface anthropometric features and measurements with an emphasis on rhinoplasty. Aesthet Surg J. 2022;42(2):133\u201348.","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"5072_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Atallah S, editor. Digital surgery [Internet]. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-49100-0. Cited 2022 Jan 15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49100-0"},{"issue":"7","key":"5072_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O\u2019Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"5072_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-20-00167","volume":"18","author":"MDJ Peters","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peters MDJ, Marnie C, Tricco AC, Pollock D, Munn Z, Alexander L, et al. Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews. JBI Evid Synth. 2020;18(10):2119\u201326.","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth."},{"issue":"1","key":"5072_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","volume":"8","author":"H Arksey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arksey H, O\u2019Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005;8(1):19\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol"},{"key":"5072_CR10","unstructured":"Calikoyar M. Qualitative evaluations in rhinoplasty- a scoping review [Internet]. OSF. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/osf.io\/u6ry2\/"},{"issue":"5","key":"5072_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2019.0483","volume":"21","author":"A Zhukhovitskaya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhukhovitskaya A, Cragun D, Su E, Barnes CH, Wong BJF. Categorization and analysis of nasal base shapes using a parametric model. JAMA Facial Plast Surg. 2019;21(5):440\u20135.","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"5072_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz259","volume":"40","author":"R Dorfman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dorfman R, Chang I, Saadat S, Roostaeian J. Making the subjective objective: machine learning and rhinoplasty. Aesthet Surg J. 2020;40(5):493\u20138.","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"1","key":"5072_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-021-02563-2","volume":"46","author":"JL Lisiecki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lisiecki JL, Gilman RH. Traditional anthropometrics versus computerized photograph manipulation in rhinoplasty planning. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2022;46(1):338\u201341.","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"5072_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz138","volume":"40","author":"Y Hassan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hassan Y, Leveille CF, Gallo L, Santos J, Thoma A, McRae MH, et al. Reporting outcomes and outcome measures in open rhinoplasty: a systematic review. Aesthet Surg J. 2020;40(2):135\u201346.","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"5072_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.082","volume":"83","author":"MM Celikoyar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Celikoyar MM, Topsakal O, Sawyer P. Three-dimensional (3D) area and volume measurements for rhinoplasty. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2023;83:189\u201397.","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"5072_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2023.0232","volume":"26","author":"O Topsakal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Topsakal O, Akbas MI, Storts S, Feyzullayeva L, Celikoyar MM. Textured three dimensional facial scan data set: amassing a large data set through a mobile iOS application. Facial Plast Surg Aesthetic Med. 2024;26(6):674\u20136.","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Aesthetic Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"5072_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedinformatics4010038","volume":"4","author":"O Topsakal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Topsakal O, Sawyer P, Akinci TC, Topsakal E, Celikoyar MM. Reliability and agreement of free web-based 3D software for computing facial area and volume measurements. BioMedInformatics. 2024;4(1):690\u2013708.","journal-title":"BioMedInformatics."},{"issue":"1","key":"5072_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-024-00406-4","volume":"20","author":"LM Ritschl","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ritschl LM, Classen C, Kilbertus P, Eufinger J, Storck K, Fichter AM, et al. Comparison of three-dimensional imaging of the nose using three different 3D-photography systems: an observational study. Head Face Med. 2024;20(1):7.","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5072_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2024.0210","volume":"27","author":"I Youssefi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Youssefi I, Obermeyer IP, Kim S, Wong BJF. 3D smartphone photography during rhinoplasty surgery. Facial Plast Surg Aesthetic Med. 2025;27(2):197\u20138.","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Aesthetic Med."},{"issue":"03","key":"5072_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2272-5273","volume":"51","author":"MK Suh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Suh MK, Won JY, Baek JH. Paradigm shift in rhinoplasty with virtual 3D surgery software and 3D printing technology. Arch Plast Surg. 2024;51(03):268\u201374.","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"issue":"21","key":"5072_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4314","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-024-04097-9","volume":"48","author":"AC Aydin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aydin AC, Karakol P, Sulhan A, Erk H, Bozkurt M. Comparison of anthropometric and cephalometric measurements obtained by stereophotogrammetry and 3D computed tomography of the nose before septorhinoplasty. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2024;48(21):4314\u201322.","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"5072_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjad309","volume":"44","author":"SM Alshawaf","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alshawaf SM, McGuire C, ElAbd R, Fakih-Gomez N, Williams J, AlYouha S, Samargandi OA. Preferred nasolabial angle in rhinoplasty: a cross-sectional analysis. Aesthet Surgery J. 2024;44(3):275\u201385.","journal-title":"Aesthet Surgery J."},{"issue":"2","key":"5072_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000385","volume":"134","author":"HH Sinno","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sinno HH, Markarian MK, Ibrahim AMS, Lin SJ. The ideal nasolabial angle in rhinoplasty: a preference analysis of the general population. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;134(2):201\u201310.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5072_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.07.003","volume":"49","author":"CH Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim CH, Most SP. Photography and photodocumentation for the rhinoplasty patient. Clin Plast Surg. 2022;49(1):13\u201322.","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5072_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2063","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002063","volume":"7","author":"G Lekakis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lekakis G, Hens G, Claes P, Hellings PW. Three-dimensional morphing and its added value in the rhinoplasty consult. Plastic Reconstr Surg-Global Open. 2019;7(1):e2063.","journal-title":"Plastic Reconstr Surg-Global Open."},{"issue":"6","key":"5072_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e591","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000007806","volume":"32","author":"H Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park H, Cho J, Koh KS. Three-dimensional anthropometry for evaluating reliability of worm\u2019s eye view photographs of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. J Craniofac Surg. 2021;32(6):e591\u20134.","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"5072_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42135","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3270438","volume":"11","author":"O Topsakal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Topsakal O, Dobratz EJ, Akbas MI, Dougherty WM, Akinci TC, Celikoyar MM. Utilization of machine learning for the objective assessment of rhinoplasty outcomes. IEEE Access. 2023;11:42135\u201345.","journal-title":"IEEE Access."},{"key":"5072_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weinberg SM, Raffensperger ZD, Kesterke MJ, Heike CL, Cunningham ML, Hecht JT, et al. The 3D facial norms database: part 1. a web-based craniofacial anthropometric and image repository for the clinical and research community. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2016 Nov;53(6):185\u201397.","DOI":"10.1597\/15-199"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-025-05072-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00266-025-05072-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-025-05072-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T15:04:56Z","timestamp":1766588696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00266-025-05072-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-025-05072-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-216X","1432-5241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-216X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interests"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights"}},{"value":"For this type of study informed consent is not required","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}