{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:37Z","timestamp":1786752037172,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004375","name":"Tel Aviv University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004375","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aesth Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unlike criminal defense with its cab-rank duty, surgeons are constrained by nonmaleficence. This review examines when declining aesthetic surgery requests constitutes ethical care rather than prejudice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify professional standards and empirical evidence guiding ethical decision-making when surgeons consider declining aesthetic surgery requests, and to provide a framework for principled refusal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Narrative review of professional standards (GMC, RCS, ASPS, ISAPS), outcome data on higher-risk procedures, comparative analysis of jurisdictional safeguards, and ethics literature from plastic surgery.\u00a0PubMed searches used terms: [(aesthetic surgery OR cosmetic surgery) AND (ethics OR informed consent OR patient selection OR refusal OR body dysmorphic disorder)] for 2014\u20132025, supplemented by professional society websites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Global demand reached 38 million aesthetic procedures in 2024.\u00a0Ethics discourse remains underrepresented (approximately one in 1000 articles), with autonomy disproportionately emphasized over beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.\u00a0Abdominoplasty complications cluster around 2\u20134%; gluteal fat grafting carries elevated mortality. Modifiable risks include nicotine, cannabis, and GLP1 therapy. Body dysmorphic disorder prevalence approaches 18.6% among candidates.\u00a0Contemporary guidance emphasizes surgeon-led consent, cooling-off periods, psychological screening, and discretion to decline when benefit is doubtful. Ethically defensible refusal requires articulable clinical reasons, documentation, and alternatives\u2014never moral disapproval.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Structured frameworks applying the four bioethical principles\u2014autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice\u2014provide actionable guidance. Principled refusal, when clinically indicated and compassionately explained, is not failure but expression of professionalism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence V<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/00266\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">www.springer.com\/00266<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-026-05682-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T21:13:46Z","timestamp":1771535626000},"page":"2855-2862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Saying No in Aesthetic Surgery: Ethical Framework for Declining High-Stakes Requests"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4362-7909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Or","family":"Friedman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuval","family":"Paniri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"5682_CR1","unstructured":"General Medical Council. Guidance for doctors who offer cosmetic interventions. 2024. https:\/\/www.gmc-uk.org\/professional-standards\/the-professional-standards\/cosmetic-interventions. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"5682_CR2","unstructured":"Royal College of Surgeons of England. Professional standards for cosmetic surgery. 2016. https:\/\/www.rcseng.ac.uk\/standards-and-research\/standards-and-guidance\/service-standards\/cosmetic-surgery\/professional-standards-for-cosmetic-surgery\/. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"5682_CR3","unstructured":"American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Code of ethics of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. 2025.\u00a0https:\/\/www.plasticsurgery.org\/documents\/governance\/asps-code-of-ethics.pdf. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"5682_CR4","unstructured":"International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS). Code of ethics. 2025. https:\/\/www.isaps.org\/media\/gfyhatkp\/isaps-code-of-ethics.pdf. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"5682_CR5","unstructured":"International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Global survey 2024\u2014press release: Aesthetic procedures close to 38 million in 2024. 2025. https:\/\/www.isaps.org\/discover\/about-isaps\/global-statistics\/global-survey-2024-full-report-and-press-releases\/. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"issue":"2","key":"5682_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008232","volume":"148","author":"AG Chappell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chappell AG, Kane RL, Wood SM, Wescott AB, Chung KC. Representation of ethics in the plastic surgery literature: a systematic review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021;148(2):289e\u201398e. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008232.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"5682_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000126","volume":"72","author":"C de Blacam","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Blacam C, Vercler CJ. Teaching ethics and professionalism in plastic surgery: a systematic review. Ann Plast Surg. 2014;72(4):484\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000126.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"5682_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005928","volume":"144","author":"JR Patrinely Jr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patrinely JR Jr, Drolet BC, Perdikis G, Janis J. Ethics education in plastic surgery training programs. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;144(3):532e\u20133e. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005928.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"5682_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008773","volume":"149","author":"CM Teven","year":"2022","unstructured":"Teven CM, Bluebond-Langner R, Rohrich RJ. The ever-important role of ethics in plastic surgery today. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022;149(2):520\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008773.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"5682_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181b98a9f","volume":"124","author":"KC Chung","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chung KC, Pushman AG, Bellfi LT. A systematic review of ethical principles in the plastic surgery literature. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;124(5):1711\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181b98a9f.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"5682_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004674","volume":"142","author":"L Gallo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gallo L, Baxter C, Murphy J, Schwartz L, Thoma A. Ethics in plastic surgery: applying the four common principles to practice. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;142(3):813\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004674.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"5682_CR12","first-page":"207","volume":"5","author":"N Nejadsarvari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nejadsarvari N, Ebrahimi A, Ebrahimi A, Hashem-Zade H. Medical ethics in plastic surgery: a mini review. World J Plast Surg. 2016;5(3):207\u201312.","journal-title":"World J Plast Surg"},{"key":"5682_CR13","unstructured":"International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Global survey 2023\u2014press release: aesthetic procedures close to 35 million in 2023. 2024. https:\/\/www.isaps.org\/discover\/about-isaps\/global-statistics\/global-survey-2023-full-report-and-press-releases\/. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"issue":"3","key":"5682_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-023-03282-6","volume":"47","author":"JP Rubin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rubin JP, Walden JL, Lee BT, et al. Statement on patient safety during gluteal fat grafting. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2023;47(3):894\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-023-03282-6.","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"5682_CR15","unstructured":"ISAPS; ASPS; ASERF; et al. Endorsed patient safety statement: gluteal fat grafting. 2022. https:\/\/www.isaps.org\/articles\/statements-guidelines\/isaps-endorsed-patient-safety-statement-gluteal-fat-grafting\/. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"issue":"7","key":"5682_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjx061","volume":"37","author":"A Cansancao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cansancao A, Mofid MM, Almutairi K, et al. Report on mortality from gluteal fat grafting: recommendations from the ASERF Task Force. Aesthet Surg J. 2017;37(7):796\u2013806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjx061.","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"5","key":"5682_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001700","volume":"136","author":"BB Massenburg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Massenburg BB, Sanati-Mehrizy P, Ingargiola MJ, et al. Abdominoplasty: risk factors, complication rates, and safety of combined procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;136(5):597e\u2013606e. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001700.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"5682_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjae093","volume":"44","author":"F Al-Niaimi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Niaimi F, et al. Complications and risks associated with the different types of abdominoplasties: analysis of 55,956 patients. Aesthet Surg J. 2024;44(9):965\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjae093.","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"4","key":"5682_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2012.5","volume":"147","author":"LT S\u00f8rensen","year":"2012","unstructured":"S\u00f8rensen LT. Wound healing and infection in surgery: the clinical impact of smoking and smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Surg. 2012;147(4):373\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archsurg.2012.5.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"5682_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31824f632d","volume":"255","author":"LT S\u00f8rensen","year":"2012","unstructured":"S\u00f8rensen LT. Wound healing and infection in surgery: pathophysiological impact of smoking, smoking cessation and nicotine replacement therapy. Ann Surg. 2012;255(6):1069\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31824f632d.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"5682_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2023.2403","volume":"158","author":"PP Potnuru","year":"2023","unstructured":"Potnuru PP, Jonna S, Williams GW II. Cannabis use disorder and perioperative complications. JAMA Surg. 2023;158(9):935\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamasurg.2023.2403.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"5682_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-024-04651-5","volume":"49","author":"H Rudy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rudy H, Lu Y-H, Rothchild E, Chernovolenko D, Ricci JA. Marijuana use increases the risk of postoperative bleeding in patients undergoing abdominal body contouring. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2025;49(5):1410\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-024-04651-5.","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"5682_CR23","unstructured":"American Society of Anesthesiologists. Consensus-based guidance on preoperative management of patients on GLP-1 receptor agonists. 2023; multi-society update 2024.\u00a0https:\/\/www.asahq.org\/about-asa\/newsroom\/news-releases\/2023\/06\/american-society-of-anesthesiologists-consensus-based-guidance-on-preoperative. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"5682_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.09.028","volume":"111","author":"O Friedman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Friedman O, Tal D. Breast implant explantation with mastopexy in patients using GLP-1 receptor agonists: a retrospective comparative analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2025;111:76\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.09.028.","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"5682_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.09.023","volume":"110","author":"O Friedman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Friedman O, Tal D. Breast reduction outcomes in massive weight loss: a comparative analysis of GLP-1 receptor agonist users, post-bariatric surgery patients, and controls. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2025;110:219\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.09.023.","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"5682_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaf082","volume":"45","author":"SA Mussabekova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mussabekova SA, Menchisheva Y, Varela Morillas \u00c1. The medicolegal challenges of facial plastic surgery: a systematic review. Aesthet Surg J. 2025;45(9):973\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjaf082.","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"5682_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-025-05276-y","author":"SA Mussabekova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mussabekova SA, Menchisheva Y, Varela M\u00c1. Litigation and complications arising from aesthetic body surgery: a systematic review. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-025-05276-y.","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg."},{"issue":"13","key":"5682_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12131333","volume":"12","author":"JD Kaleeny","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaleeny JD, Janis JE. Body dysmorphic disorder in aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Healthcare. 2024;12(13):1333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare12131333.","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"5682_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.10.068","volume":"87","author":"AD Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee AD, Hale EW, Mundra L, Le E, Kaoutzanis C, Mathes DW. The heart of it all: body dysmorphic disorder in cosmetic surgery. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2023;87:442\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.10.068.","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5682_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008660","volume":"149","author":"B Guidry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guidry B, Makhoul AT, Kelly PD, Drolet BC. A case-based curriculum in plastic surgery ethics. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022;149(1):176e. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008660.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"5682_CR31","first-page":"81","volume":"3","author":"N Nejadsarvari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nejadsarvari N, Ebrahimi A. Different aspects of informed consent in aesthetic surgeries. World J Plast Surg. 2014;3(2):81\u20136.","journal-title":"World J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"5682_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2018.00241","volume":"45","author":"JA Garcia-Espinoza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garcia-Espinoza JA, Garc\u00eda-Manzano RA, Aguilar-Arag\u00f3n VB. Usurpation of the role of the plastic surgeon as a public health problem in Mexico: reflections on a case. Arch Plast Surg. 2018;45(4):390\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5999\/aps.2018.00241.","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"key":"5682_CR33","unstructured":"American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Plastic surgery for teenagers\u2014briefing paper.  https:\/\/www.plasticsurgery.org\/news\/briefing-papers\/briefing-paper-plastic-surgery-for-teenagers. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"5682_CR34","unstructured":"British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons. Cosmetic tourism\u2014patient safety advice and statements. https:\/\/baaps.org.uk\/patients\/safety_in_surgery\/cosmetic_tourism.aspx. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"5682_CR35","unstructured":"Royal College of Surgeons of England. Thinking of having cosmetic surgery abroad? https:\/\/www.rcseng.ac.uk\/patient-care\/cosmetic-surgery\/having-surgery-abroad\/. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"5682_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.07.044","volume":"109","author":"O Friedman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Friedman O, Tal D. Temporal satisfaction patterns in body image after aesthetic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2025;109:195\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.07.044.","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"5682_CR37","unstructured":"American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Ethics and compliance resources. https:\/\/www.plasticsurgery.org\/for-medical-professionals\/resources\/ethics-and-compliance-resources. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"issue":"4","key":"5682_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1001\/journalofethics.2018.20.4.nlit1-1804","volume":"20","author":"CM Teven","year":"2018","unstructured":"Teven CM, Grant SB. Plastic surgery\u2019s contributions to surgical ethics. AMA J Ethics. 2018;20(4):349\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/journalofethics.2018.20.4.nlit1-1804.","journal-title":"AMA J Ethics"},{"key":"5682_CR39","unstructured":"Bar Standards Board. BSB Handbook, rC29\u2013rC30 (cab-rank rule). Version 4.6. 2020. https:\/\/www.barstandardsboard.org.uk\/for-barristers\/bsb-handbook-and-code-guidance\/the-bsb-handbook.html. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"5682_CR40","unstructured":"Legal Services Board. What does it mean for lawyers to uphold the rule of law? Discussion paper and literature review. 2023. https:\/\/legalservicesboard.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/FINAL-LSB-Lawyers-and-ROL-Report-2023.pdf. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"5682_CR41","unstructured":"Ahpra \/ Medical Board of Australia. Guidelines for registered medical practitioners who perform cosmetic surgery and procedures (cosmetic surgery reforms). 2023. https:\/\/www.ahpra.gov.au\/News\/2023-04-03-cos-surgery-update.aspx. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"5682_CR42","unstructured":"Singapore Ministry of Health. Review of framework for training of doctors to administer aesthetic procedures. 2023. https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/newsroom\/review-of-framework-for-training-of-doctors-to-administer-aesthetic-procedures\/. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"5682_CR43","unstructured":"Singapore Ministry of Health. Liposuction regulatory framework. 2008. https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/newsroom\/liposuction-regulatory-framework\/. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"5682_CR44","unstructured":"College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. Advertising. 2024. https:\/\/www.cpso.on.ca\/en\/physicians\/policies-guidance\/policies\/advertising. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"5682_CR45","unstructured":"College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia. Advertising and communication with the public. https:\/\/www.cpsbc.ca\/public\/public-resources\/what-expect\/advertising-and-communication-public. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"5682_CR46","unstructured":"United Arab Emirates. Cabinet resolution concerning the health advertisement regulations. 2023. https:\/\/uaelegislation.gov.ae\/en\/legislations\/2354. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"5682_CR47","unstructured":"Dubai Health Authority. External Circular: Updates of Standards for Non-Surgical Cosmetic Procedures (Version 2.1). 2025. https:\/\/www.dha.gov.ae\/en\/circulars\/details\/CIR-2025-00000107. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-026-05682-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00266-026-05682-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-026-05682-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T15:00:17Z","timestamp":1776870017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00266-026-05682-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["5682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-026-05682-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-216X","1432-5241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-216X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}},{"value":"Not required (narrative review).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"For this type of study, informed consent is not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human or Animal Rights"}},{"value":"This work has not been presented at any meeting.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Meeting Presentation"}}]}}