{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T21:16:52Z","timestamp":1793222212349,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aesth Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Postoperative wound compromise after aesthetic procedures may manifest as delayed epithelialization, tissue ischemia, hypertrophic scarring, contour depression, or wound dehiscence. These problems are more common in patients with impaired microcirculation or other healing-related comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To describe the clinical use of injectable polynucleotide as an adjunctive treatment for postoperative wound healing and scar modulation after aesthetic procedures.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This retrospective case series included eight consecutive patients treated in routine practice at a single aesthetic clinic over a continuous study accrual period. Eligible patients had clinically significant wound healing delay, early ischemic change, hypertrophic scarring, or postoperative contour depression after aesthetic surgery or facial trauma and were managed with injectable polynucleotide (Rejuran). Treatments were individualized according to wound status and tissue quality, typically using 1\u20132\u00a0mL per session at 2- to 3-week intervals. Because of the heterogeneous case mix and retrospective design, outcomes were evaluated by serial standardized clinical photographs and physician-rated changes in wound size, erythema, scar width\/elevation, and contour rather than by a single validated scar scale.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n All eight patients demonstrated clinical improvement after treatment, including faster re-epithelialization, reduction of erythema, narrowing and flattening of scars, improved contour, or complete wound closure. Earlier treatment\u00a0during the inflammatory or early proliferative phase appeared to produce the most favorable results. No treatment-related\u00a0adverse events were documented.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The application of\u00a0injectable polynucleotide therapy appears to be a safe and useful adjunct for postoperative wound care and scar modulation in aesthetic practice. Early use may be especially helpful in patients at high risk for wound breakdown, although prospective studies using standardized outcome measures are needed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence V<\/jats:title>\n \n This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors\u00a0\n www.springer.com\/00266<\/jats:ext-link>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-026-05843-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T15:27:27Z","timestamp":1779290847000},"page":"5408-5414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Polynucleotide (PN) Therapy for Accelerated Wound Repair and Scar Modulation in Aesthetic Procedures"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Soo-Yeon","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song-Eun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Keun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake","family":"Sloane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy B.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Rappl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5572-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyu-Ho","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"5843_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5758","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1404819111","volume":"111","author":"CT Caskey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caskey CT, Leder P. The RNA code: nature\u2019s Rosetta stone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111(16):5758\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"5843_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12368","volume":"13","author":"G De Caridi","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Caridi G, Massara M, Serra R, et al. Trophic effects of polynucleotides and hyaluronic acid in the healing of venous ulcers of the lower limbs: a clinical study. Int Wound J. 2016;13(5):754\u20138.","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"issue":"1","key":"5843_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12299","volume":"29","author":"KY Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park KY, Seok J, Rho NK, Kim BJ, Kim MN. Long-chain polynucleotide filler for skin rejuvenation: efficacy and complications in five patients. Dermatol Ther. 2016;29(1):37\u201340.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"5843_CR4","first-page":"414","volume":"50","author":"JH Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim JH, Jeong JJ, Lee YI, et al. Preventive effect of polynucleotide on post-thyroidectomy scars: a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. Lasers Surg Med. 2018;50(5):414\u201321.","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"5843_CR5","first-page":"2629","volume":"15","author":"MT Colangelo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Colangelo MT, Govoni M, Belletti S, Guizzardi S, Galli C. The effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide on wound healing and tissue regeneration: a systematic review of the literature. Regen Med. 2020;15(12):2629\u201345.","journal-title":"Regen Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5843_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15064","volume":"22","author":"A Araco","year":"2023","unstructured":"Araco A, Araco F, Raichi M. Clinical efficacy and safety of polynucleotides highly purified technology (PN-HPT) and cross-linked hyaluronic acid for moderate to severe nasolabial folds: a prospective, randomized, exploratory study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023;22(1):146\u201355.","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"5843_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.12968\/joan.2023.12.9.391","volume":"12","author":"S Samizadeh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Samizadeh S. Polynucleotides: the crucial biomolecules bridging therapeutics and aesthetics. J Aesthetic Nurs. 2023;12:391\u20139.","journal-title":"J Aesthetic Nurs"},{"issue":"11","key":"5843_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13529","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13529","volume":"29","author":"KH Yi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yi KH, Kim J, Kim JW, et al. Observation on cadavers and through ultrasonography using a 2 mm needle length for intradermal injections. Skin Res Technol. 2023;29(11):e13529.","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5843_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13627","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13627","volume":"30","author":"KH Yi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yi KH, Kim J, Kim JW, et al. Skin boosters: definitions and varied classifications. Skin Res Technol. 2024;30(3):e13627.","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"5843_CR10","unstructured":"Marques C et al. Bridging the gap between scientific definitions and aesthetic medicine practice: toward a standardized nomenclature for polydeoxyribonucleotides and polynucleotides. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025."}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-026-05843-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00266-026-05843-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-026-05843-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:15:39Z","timestamp":1792178139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00266-026-05843-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["5843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-026-05843-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-216X","1432-5241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-216X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"I acknowledge that I have considered the conflict of interest statement included in the Author Guidelines. Michael Kim is Chief Medical Officer of PharmaResearch. Kyu-Ho Yi, Jake Sloane, and Soo-Yeon Park are Key Opinion Leaders for PharmaResearch. The remaining authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this work.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Treatments were performed as part of routine clinical care, and the manuscript was prepared from de-identified clinical data and photographs obtained during standard management. Because this report is a retrospective, non-interventional case series based on anonymized routine practice data, no separate institutional review board approval number was available for the present analysis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for treatment and photography was obtained from all patients.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed Consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}