{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T02:32:56Z","timestamp":1793068376431,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Science and Technology Program Project of Liaoning Province","award":["2025JH2\/101800385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JH2\/101800385"]}]},{"name":"Special Project for Discipline Construction of Dalian University","award":["DLUXK-2025-QNYX-017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DLUXK-2025-QNYX-017"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00g2ypp58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aesth Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite its good biocompatibility and processability, the severe surface hydrophobicity of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) limits its biomedical applications. This study aimed to enhance the surface properties of PDMS by depositing gelatin onto it via polydopamine (PDA) mediation and to evaluate the resulting cell\u2013material interactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 1% gelatin-modified PDA-PDMS (G-PDA-PDMS) group showed the highest cell viability at 48 h. Surface hydrophilicity was significantly improved, with the contact angle reduced to 21.97\u00b0\u00a0\u00b1 2.06 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.01). XPS confirmed successful modification, showing increased nitrogen signal and characteristic C=O\/C-N peaks on G-PDA-PDMS. AFM revealed significantly higher surface roughness and altered nano-topography compared to PDMS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05). After interacting with cells, it was observed that the cell viability of G-PDA-PDMS was significantly higher than that of the other two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05). FITC\/DAPI fluorescence staining showed that the number of cells in G-PDA-PDMS was higher than that in PDMS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05), and it exhibited a better cell spreading area (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05). Calcein AM\/PI fluorescence staining showed that the proportion of red fluorescence in PDA-PDMS and G-PDA-PDMS decreased significantly, while the green fluorescence increased significantly, indicating that they had a better cell survival rate compared with PDMS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05). The cell scratch test showed that the cell migration rate of G-PDA-PDMS was higher than that of PDA-PDMS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05). At the molecular level, G-PDA-PDMS significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of\n                      <jats:italic>TGF-\u03b21<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>COL3A1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>COL1A1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1-SMA<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05), which was corroborated by increased\n                      <jats:italic>TGF-\u03b21<\/jats:italic>\n                      protein production (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gelatin was successfully modified onto PDA-PDMS. The resulting G-PDA-PDMS material significantly improves surface hydrophilicity, enhances fibroblast proliferation and adhesion, and upregulates key extracellular matrix-related gene and protein expression, demonstrating excellent bioactivity and potential for biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>No Level Assigned<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-026-05970-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T19:02:37Z","timestamp":1787857357000},"page":"8108-8120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Experimental Model: Modifications of the Chemical Silicone Medical Characteristics for an Improved Biocompatibility"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3511-4446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian-Xi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Fei","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di-Ya","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Ying","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie-Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"5970_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfin.2025.107003","volume":"72","author":"S Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li S, Xin M, Su X, Ding C, Liu X, Zhang D, et al. Multi-factors bionic lubricant-infused PDMS micropores surface for drag reduction application: design, construction and property. Surf Interfaces. 2025;72:107003\u2013107003.","journal-title":"Surf Interfaces"},{"key":"5970_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diamond.2024.111258","volume":"146","author":"W Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang W, Zhang M, Li Y, Luo C, Zhang X, Zhang L. Heterojunction-based and structure-engineered construction of Cs3Bi2Br 9\/g-C3N4\/PDMS photocatalytic flexible s with three-dimensional interpenetrating uniform pores. Diam Relat Mater. 2024;146:111258.","journal-title":"Diam Relat Mater"},{"key":"5970_CR3","first-page":"137793","volume":"438","author":"X He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He X, Huang Q, Xu J. Electrowetting on swollen dielectric-hydrophobic composite PDMS film for digital microfluidics, Sensors and Actuators: B. Chemical. 2025;438:137793\u2013137793.","journal-title":"Chemical"},{"key":"5970_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.155269","volume":"498","author":"A Santoso","year":"2024","unstructured":"Santoso A, David MK, Boukany PE, Steijn VV, Ommen JRV. Atmospheric pressure atomic layer deposition for in-channel surface modification of PDMS microfluidic chips. Chem Eng J. 2024;498:155269\u2013155269.","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"issue":"6","key":"5970_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors12060094","volume":"12","author":"BM G\u00f3mez","year":"2024","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez BM, Cebri\u00e1 SM, Legua CM, Falc\u00f3 PC. Combining PDMS composite and plasmonic solid chemosensors: dual determination of ammonium and hydrogen sulfide as biomarkers in a saliva single test. Chemosensors. 2024;12(6):94.","journal-title":"Chemosensors"},{"key":"5970_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2025.163586","volume":"707","author":"J Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun J, Chen Y, Li J, Su J, Huang S, Zhang Y, et al. Synthesis of transparent and flexible superhydrophobic PDMS-EP\/SiO2 coating with excellent mechanical and chemical durability. Appl Surf Sci. 2025;707:163586\u2013163586.","journal-title":"Appl Surf Sci"},{"key":"5970_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Polidoro MA, Ferrari E, Soldani C, Franceschini B, Saladino G, Rosina A, Mainardi A, D'Autilia F, Pugliese N, Costa G, Donadon M, Torzilli G, Marzorati S, Rasponi M, Lleo A. Cholangiocarcinoma-on-a-chip: A human 3D platform for personalised medicine. JHEP Reports. 2023;6(1).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100910"},{"key":"5970_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.05.017","volume":"200","author":"CT Clark","year":"2025","unstructured":"Clark CT, Wang Y, Johnson DC, Lee SC, Smith Q. Effects of PDMS culture on stem cell differentiation towards definitive endoderm and hepatocytes. Acta Biomater. 2025;200:508\u201319.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"issue":"01","key":"5970_CR9","first-page":"56","volume":"48","author":"Z Yuanyuan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuanyuan Z, Yan G, Jing D. Surface modification of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and its application in cell culture. Shandong Chem Indus. 2019;48(01):56\u20137.","journal-title":"Shandong Chem Indus"},{"issue":"5849","key":"5970_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1147241","volume":"318","author":"H Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee H, Dellatore SM, Miller WM, Messersmith PB. Mussel-inspired surface chemistry for multifunctional coatings. Science. 2007;318(5849):426\u201330.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"5970_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051499","volume":"7","author":"RN Palchesko","year":"2017","unstructured":"Palchesko RN, Zhang L, Sun Y, Feinberg AW. Development of polydimethylsiloxane substrates with tunable elastic modulus to study cell mechanobiology in muscle and nerve. PLoS ONE. 2017;7(12):e51499.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"19","key":"5970_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9777","DOI":"10.1021\/am402903e","volume":"5","author":"S Kuddannaya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuddannaya S, Chuah YJ, Lee MH, Menon NV, Kang Y, Zhang Y. Surface chemical modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane) for the enhanced adhesion and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2013;5(19):9777\u201384.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"2","key":"5970_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1039\/C4BM00268G","volume":"3","author":"YJ Chuah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chuah YJ, Kuddannaya S, Lee MH, Zhang Y, Kang Y. The effects of poly(dimethylsiloxane) surface silanization on the mesenchymal stem cell fate. Biomater Sci. 2015;3(2):383\u201390.","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"5970_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1039\/c0py00215a","volume":"1","author":"Q Wei","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wei Q, Zhang FL, Li J, Li BJ, Zhao CS. Oxidant-induced dopamine polymerization for multifunctional coatings. Polym Chem. 2010;1(9):1430\u20133.","journal-title":"Polym Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"5970_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1039\/C7BM00266A","volume":"5","author":"F Jiayin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiayin F, Jin CY, Tong AW, Nan Z, Dong-An W. Optimization of a polydopamine (PD)-based coating method and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates for improved mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency maintenance and cardiac differentiation. Biomater Sci. 2017;5(6):1156\u201373.","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5970_CR16","first-page":"18162","volume":"5","author":"CY Jin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jin CY, Ting KY, Kaiyang L, Menon NV, Yingnan W, Yuejun K. Simple surface engineering of polydimethylsiloxane with polydopamine for stabilized mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and multipotency. Sci Reports. 2015;5(1):18162.","journal-title":"Sci Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"5970_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201500250","volume":"37","author":"Z Agnieszka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agnieszka Z, Piotr K, Elzbieta J, Michal C, Artur D, Zbigniew B. Adhesion of MRC-5 and A549 cells on poly(dimethylsiloxane) surface modified by proteins. Electrophoresis. 2016;37(3):536\u201344.","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"5970_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.08.045","volume":"73","author":"K Yue","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yue K, Trujillo-de Santiago G, Alvarez MM, Tamayol A, Annabi N, Khademhosseini A. Synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels. Biomaterials. 2015;73:254\u201371.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"4","key":"5970_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3106","DOI":"10.3390\/ma7043106","volume":"7","author":"JB Rose","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rose JB, Pacelli S, Haj AJE, Dua HS, Hopkinson A, White LJ, et al. Gelatin-based materials in ocular tissue engineering. Materials (Basel). 2014;7(4):3106\u201335.","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"5970_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34057","volume":"106","author":"F Gattazzo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gattazzo F, De Maria C, Rimessi A, Don\u00e0 S, Braghetta P, Pinton P, et al. Gelatin-genipin-based biomaterials for skeletal muscle tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2018;106(8):2763\u201377.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"5970_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-670-2_3","volume":"627","author":"MJ Fischer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fischer MJ. Amine coupling through EDC\/NHS: a practical approach. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;627:55\u201373.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5970_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.5b01094","volume":"17","author":"E Van De Walle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van De Walle E, Van Nieuwenhove I, Vanderleyden E, Declercq H, Gellynck K, Schaubroeck D, et al. Polydopamine-gelatin as universal cell-interactive coating for methacrylate-based medical device packaging materials: when surface chemistry overrules substrate bulk properties. Biomacromol. 2016;17(1):56\u201368.","journal-title":"Biomacromol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5970_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13020269","volume":"13","author":"H Joo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Joo H, Park J, Sutthiwanjampa C, Kim H, Bae T, Kim W, et al. Surface coating with hyaluronic acid-gelatin-crosslinked hydrogel on gelatin-conjugated poly(dimethylsiloxane) for implantable medical device-induced fibrosis. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(2):269.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"5970_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.10.265","volume":"242","author":"M Szukalska","year":"2026","unstructured":"Szukalska M, Mrowczynski R, Sujka-Kordowska P, Miechowicz I, Zalewski T, Grzeskowiak BF, et al. How do particle size, dosage, and exposure duration influence oxidative stress parameters and the in vivo toxicological profile of polydopamine nanoparticles? Free Radical Biol Med. 2026;242:614\u201335.","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"5970_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.06.003","volume":"21","author":"BR Sharma","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sharma BR. Infection in patients with severe burns: causes and prevention thereof. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2007;21(3):745\u201359.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"5970_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120838","volume":"276","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuan Y, Shen S, Fan D. A physicochemical double cross-linked multifunctional hydrogel for dynamic burn wound healing: shape adaptability, injectable self-healing property and enhanced adhesion. Biomaterials. 2021;276:120838.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"8","key":"5970_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6849","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b16059","volume":"10","author":"J Yin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yin J, Yan M, Wang Y, Fu J, Suo H. 3D Bioprinting of low-concentration cell-laden gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) bioinks with a two-step cross-linking strategy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018;10(8):6849\u201357.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"10","key":"5970_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201101662","volume":"22","author":"YC Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen YC, Lin RZ, Qi H, Yang Y, Bae H, Melero-Martin JM, et al. Functional human vascular network generated in photocrosslinkable gelatin methacrylate hydrogels. Adv Funct Mater. 2012;22(10):2027\u201339.","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"issue":"21","key":"5970_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.03.064","volume":"31","author":"JW Nichol","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nichol JW, Koshy ST, Bae H, Hwang CM, Yamanlar S, Khademhosseini A. Cell-laden microengineered gelatin methacrylate hydrogels. Biomaterials. 2010;31(21):5536\u201344.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"13","key":"5970_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.05.008","volume":"26","author":"AA Sawyer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sawyer AA, Hennessy KM, Bellis SL. Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell attachment and spreading on hydroxyapatite by RGD peptides and adsorbed serum proteins. Biomaterials. 2005;26(13):1467\u201375.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"35","key":"5970_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12999","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605552103","volume":"103","author":"H Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee H, Scherer NF, Messersmith PB. Single-molecule mechanics of mussel adhesion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103(35):12999\u20133003.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"9","key":"5970_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7523","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b19865","volume":"10","author":"JH Ryu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ryu JH, Messersmith PB, Lee H. Polydopamine surface chemistry: A decade of discovery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018;10(9):7523\u201340.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"20","key":"5970_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.03.013","volume":"28","author":"Y Arima","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arima Y, Iwata H. Effect of wettability and surface functional groups on protein adsorption and cell adhesion using well-defined mixed self-assembled monolayers. Biomaterials. 2007;28(20):3074\u201382.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"7193","key":"5970_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07039","volume":"453","author":"GC Gurtner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gurtner GC, Werner S, Barrandon Y, Longaker MT. Wound repair and regeneration. Nature. 2008;453(7193):314\u201321.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"5970_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3118","volume":"19","author":"G Han","year":"2013","unstructured":"Han G, Bian L, Li F, Cotrim A, Wang D, Lu J, et al. Preventive and therapeutic effects of Smad7 on radiation-induced oral mucositis. Nat Med. 2013;19(4):421\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"5970_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2008.00410.x","volume":"16","author":"S Barrientos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barrientos S, Stojadinovic O, Golinko MS, Brem H, Tomic-Canic M. Growth factors and cytokines in wound healing. Wound Repair and Regen. 2008;16(5):585\u2013601.","journal-title":"Wound Repair and Regen"},{"issue":"Pt 19","key":"5970_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3901","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.03098","volume":"119","author":"JD Humphries","year":"2006","unstructured":"Humphries JD, Byron A, Humphries MJ. Integrin ligands at a glance. J Cell Sci. 2006;119(Pt 19):3901\u20133.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"5970_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2008.01.012","volume":"87","author":"PJ Wipff","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wipff PJ, Hinz B. Integrins and the activation of latent transforming growth factor beta1 - an intimate relationship. Eur J Cell Biol. 2008;87(8\u20139):601\u201315.","journal-title":"Eur J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5970_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/157436208783334259","volume":"3","author":"H Fukasawa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fukasawa H, Yamamoto T, Kitagawa M, Hishida A. Regulation of TGF-\u03b2 signaling by SMADs and its roles in tissue fibrosis. Curr Signal Transduct Ther. 2008;3(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Curr Signal Transduct Ther"},{"issue":"6651","key":"5970_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/39369","volume":"389","author":"A Nakao","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nakao A, Afrakhte M, Mor\u00e9n A, Nakayama T, Christian JL, Heuchel R, et al. Identification of Smad7, a TGFbeta-inducible antagonist of TGF-beta signalling. Nature. 1997;389(6651):631\u20135.","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-026-05970-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00266-026-05970-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-026-05970-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T02:02:49Z","timestamp":1793066569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00266-026-05970-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5970"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-026-05970-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-216X","1432-5241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-216X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. For this type of study informed consent is not required.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}