{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:09:37Z","timestamp":1792782577370,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81870688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870688"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Program of 9th People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","award":["JYLJ202418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JYLJ202418"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0220qvk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aesth Plast Surg"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-026-06297-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:15:38Z","timestamp":1792178138000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surgical Timing Before Age 3 for Congenital Ptosis: Enhancing Refractive Parameters Recovery in Children"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Shuqin","family":"Zhuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoran","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9225-2187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"6297_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2014.01.005","volume":"59","author":"JR SooHoo","year":"2014","unstructured":"SooHoo JR, Davies BW, Allard FD, Durairaj VD. Congenital ptosis. Surv Ophthalmol. 2014;59(5):483\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2014.01.005.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6297_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2024.101327","volume":"105","author":"H Deng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Deng H, Zhang Q, Yi J, Yuan L. Unraveling ptosis: a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations, genetics, and treatment. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2025;105:101327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2024.101327.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"6297_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.24.10.584","volume":"24","author":"DN Hu","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hu DN. Prevalence and mode of inheritance of major genetic eye diseases in China. J Med Genet. 1987;24(10):584\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jmg.24.10.584.","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"6297_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-022-03039-7","volume":"47","author":"JS Bai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bai JS, Song MJ, Li BT, Tian R. Timing of surgery and treatment options for congenital ptosis in children: a narrative review of the literature. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2023;47(1):226\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-022-03039-7.","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"6297_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8320","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26671-3","volume":"8","author":"Y Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Y, Xu Y, Liu X, Lou L, Ye J. Amblyopia, strabismus and refractive errors in congenital ptosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):8320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-26671-3.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"6297_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/sap.0000000000002677","volume":"87","author":"X Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu X, Zhang J, Ding X, Cao Y, Zhu X, Li R, et al. Amblyopia and refractive status in congenital ptosis: the effect and timing of surgical correction. Ann Plast Surg. 2021;87(1):49\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/sap.0000000000002677.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"6297_CR7","first-page":"406","volume":"97","author":"Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of ptosis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of ptosis. Natl Med J China. 2017;97:406\u201311.","journal-title":"Natl Med J China."},{"issue":"4","key":"6297_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1097\/iop.0000000000001284","volume":"35","author":"SAM Chisholm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chisholm SAM, Costakos DM, Harris GJ. Surgical timing for congenital ptosis should not be determined solely by the presence of anisometropia. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;35(4):374\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iop.0000000000001284.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"6297_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2017.1337191","volume":"36","author":"FM Quaranta-Leoni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Quaranta-Leoni FM, Sposato S, Leonardi A, Iacoviello L, Costanzo S. Timing of surgical correction for the treatment of unilateral congenital ptosis: effects on cosmetic and functional results. Orbit. 2017;36(6):382\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01676830.2017.1337191.","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"issue":"4319","key":"6297_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1126\/science.918665","volume":"198","author":"TL Hickey","year":"1977","unstructured":"Hickey TL. Postnatal development of the human lateral geniculate nucleus: relationship to a critical period for the visual system. Science. 1977;198(4319):836\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.918665.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"6297_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(13)32170-8","volume":"100","author":"M Epelbaum","year":"1993","unstructured":"Epelbaum M, Milleret C, Buisseret P, Dufier JL. The sensitive period for strabismic amblyopia in humans. Ophthalmology. 1993;100(3):323\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0161-6420(13)32170-8.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4215","key":"6297_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188363","volume":"190","author":"MS Banks","year":"1975","unstructured":"Banks MS, Aslin RN, Letson RD. Sensitive period for the development of human binocular vision. Science. 1975;190(4215):675\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1188363.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"6297_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.132746","volume":"92","author":"E Scoppettuolo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scoppettuolo E, Chadha V, Bunce C, Olver JM, Wright M, BOPSS. British oculoplastic surgery society (BOPSS) national ptosis survey. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92(8):1134\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2007.132746.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6297_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.2147\/opth.S113814","volume":"10","author":"HW Chung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chung HW, Seah LL. Cosmetic and functional outcomes of frontalis suspension surgery using autologous fascia lata or silicone rods in pediatric congenital ptosis. Clin Ophthalmol. 2016;10:1779\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/opth.S113814.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6297_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0962-4","volume":"18","author":"YS Bee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bee YS, Tsai PJ, Lin MC, Chu MY. Factors related to amblyopia in congenital ptosis after frontalis sling surgery. BMC Ophthalmol. 2018;18(1):302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-018-0962-4.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6297_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2013.27.5.311","volume":"27","author":"JY Suh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Suh JY, Ahn HB. Ptosis repair using preserved fascia lata with the modified direct tarsal fixation technique. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2013;27(5):311\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3341\/kjo.2013.27.5.311.","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6297_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/iop.0000000000002589","volume":"40","author":"J Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li J, Yu X, Wang K, Meng Z, Liang X, Chen R. Modified conjoint fascial sheath and levator muscle complex suspension for the correction of simple severe congenital ptosis in pediatrics and the effect on refractive status. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2024;40(4):392\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iop.0000000000002589.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"6297_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-021-02542-7","volume":"46","author":"DY Hao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao DY, Cang ZQ, Cui JB, Chen YJ, Song BQ, Cao J, et al. Conjoint fascial sheath suspension for correction of recurrent blepharoptosis. Aesthet Plast Surg. 2022;46(2):744\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-021-02542-7.","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"6297_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02469-w","volume":"22","author":"Z Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Z, Jia X, Pang R, Wang H, Shi J, Bai P. Research on the expression of elastin in the conjoint fascial sheath for the correction of severe unilateral congenital blepharoptosis. BMC Ophthalmol. 2022;22(1):256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-022-02469-w.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6297_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18647","volume":"57","author":"YY Hu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hu YY, Wu JF, Lu TL, Wu H, Sun W, Guo DD, et al. Prevalence and associations of anisometropia in children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(3):979\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.15-18647.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"6297_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2023-323468","volume":"108","author":"J Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang J, Qi Z, Feng Y, Chen J, Du L, Yang J, et al. Normative value of hyperopia reserve and myopic shift in Chinese children and adolescents aged 3\u201316 years. Br J Ophthalmol. 2024;108(7):1024\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo-2023-323468.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"6297_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3782","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8727","volume":"53","author":"L Deng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Deng L, Gwiazda JE. Anisometropia in children from infancy to 15 years. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53(7):3782\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.11-8727.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"6297_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302637","volume":"97","author":"S Afsari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Afsari S, Rose KA, Gole GA, Philip K, Leone JF, French A, et al. Prevalence of anisometropia and its association with refractive error and amblyopia in preschool children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013;97(9):1095\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302637.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6297_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2024.03.008","volume":"264","author":"M Kinori","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kinori M, Nitzan I, Szyper NS, Achiron A, Spierer O. Correlation of refractive error with anisometropia development in early childhood. Am J Ophthalmol. 2024;264:145\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2024.03.008.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6297_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.07.009","volume":"185","author":"J Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu J, Shi Y, Zhang J, Huang X, Wang Q, Zhao H, et al. Melanopsin retinal ganglion cells mediate light-promoted brain development. Cell. 2022;185:3124-3137.e3115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2022.07.009.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"6297_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(03)00389-1","volume":"39","author":"N Tian","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tian N, Copenhagen DR. Visual stimulation is required for refinement of ON and OFF pathways in postnatal retina. Neuron. 2003;39:85\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0896-6273(03)00389-1.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"6297_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2012.00716.x","volume":"95","author":"L Huo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huo L, Cui D, Yang X, Wan W, Liao R, Trier K, et al. A retrospective study: form-deprivation myopia in unilateral congenital ptosis. Clin Exp Optom. 2012;95(4):404\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2012.00716.x.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"4","key":"6297_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2022.04.08","volume":"15","author":"N Mongkolareepong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mongkolareepong N, Mekhasingharak N, Pimpha O. Factors associated with corneal astigmatism change after ptosis surgery. Int J Ophthalmol. 2022;15(4):576\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18240\/ijo.2022.04.08.","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"6297_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-02804-9","volume":"23","author":"Y Tan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tan Y, Wang X, Fu J, Tang J, Xiang J, Tao L, et al. Amblyopic astigmatism characteristics and surgical outcomes in younger children with severe congenital ptosis after frontalis suspension surgery. BMC Ophthalmol. 2023;23(1):54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-023-02804-9.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6297_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(80)90011-2","volume":"89","author":"WW Merriam","year":"1980","unstructured":"Merriam WW, Ellis FD, Helveston EM. Congenital blepharoptosis, anisometropia, and amblyopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1980;89:401\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9394(80)90011-2.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6297_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3667","DOI":"10.2147\/opth.S264732.32","volume":"14","author":"A Gandhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gandhi A, Mehta A, Naik M. Does frontalis sling surgery for congenital ptosis change the corneal topography and refractive characteristics postoperatively? Clin Ophthalmol. 2020;14:3667\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/opth.S264732.32.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6297_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2012.09.010","volume":"48","author":"A Skaat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Skaat A, Fabian D, Spierer A, Rosen N, Rosner M, Ben Simon GJ. Congenital ptosis repair-surgical, cosmetic, and functional outcome: a report of 162 cases. Can J Ophthalmol. 2013;48(2):93\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjo.2012.09.010.","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6297_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0351-9","volume":"16","author":"JS Paik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paik JS, Kim SA, Park SH, Yang SW. Refractive error characteristics in patients with congenital blepharoptosis before and after ptosis repair surgery. BMC Ophthalmol. 2016;16(1):177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-016-0351-9.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6297_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-014-9990-0","volume":"34","author":"SD Byard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Byard SD, Sood V, Jones CA. Long-term refractive changes in children following ptosis surgery: a case series and a review of the literature. Int Ophthalmol. 2014;34(6):1303\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-014-9990-0.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"6297_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2021.1973344","volume":"105","author":"N Owji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Owji N, Khalili MR, Bazrafkan H, Heydari M. Long-term outcome of refractive errors in patients with congenital blepharoptosis who have undergone ptosis surgery. Clin Exp Optom. 2022;105(7):715\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08164622.2021.1973344.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"2","key":"6297_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19920301-06","volume":"29","author":"W Cadera","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cadera W, Orton RB, Hakim O. Changes in astigmatism after surgery for congenital ptosis. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1992;29(2):85\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/0191-3913-19920301-06.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"issue":"5","key":"6297_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1067\/mpa.2001.118215","volume":"5","author":"DL Klimek","year":"2001","unstructured":"Klimek DL, Summers CG, Letson RD, Davitt BV. Change in refractive error after unilateral levator resection for congenital ptosis. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmology Strabismus. 2001;5(5):297\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mpa.2001.118215.","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmology Strabismus"},{"key":"6297_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2020.00029","volume":"14","author":"CP Danka Mohammed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Danka Mohammed CP, Khalil R. Postnatal development of visual cortical function in the mammalian brain. Front Syst Neurosci. 2020;14:29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnsys.2020.00029.","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"6297_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.icu.0000397180.37316.5d","volume":"22","author":"D Br\u00e9mond-Gignac","year":"2011","unstructured":"Br\u00e9mond-Gignac D, Copin H, Lapillonne A, Milazzo S. Visual development in infants: physiological and pathological mechanisms. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2011;22(Suppl):S1-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.icu.0000397180.37316.5d.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6297_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2025.09.021","volume":"281","author":"MK Shoji","year":"2026","unstructured":"Shoji MK, Legala AR, Bansal R, Jalbout NDE, Cheng SM, Liu CY, et al. Outcomes of frontalis advancement with or without external levator advancement for congenital ptosis: a retrospective comparative study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2026;281:172\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2025.09.021.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6297_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/sap.0000000000001657","volume":"82","author":"Y Xing","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xing Y, Wang X, Cao Y, Ding X, Lin M, Li J, et al. Modified combined fascia sheath and levator muscle complex suspension with M\u00fcller muscle preservation on treating severe congenital ptosis. Ann Plast Surg. 2019;82:39\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/sap.0000000000001657.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-026-06297-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00266-026-06297-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00266-026-06297-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:15:40Z","timestamp":1792178140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00266-026-06297-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["6297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-026-06297-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-216X","1432-5241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-216X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors declare no competing interests. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Statement of Human and Animal Rights, or Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors confirm that any aspect of the work covered in this manuscript that involved human patients or animals was conducted with the ethical approval of all relevant bodies and the study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital (approval number: SH9H-2023-C54-3).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Study Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All parents or guardians of the participants gave their informed consent in writing prior to inclusion in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed Consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}