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To fully benefit from these services, forest stands for social use must be easily accessible and interconnected, not just through forest roads but also through recreational trails, a key outdoor leisure infrastructure. However, forest planning and trail design are seldom integrated. This study addresses this issue by proposing a method to create connector routes between official trails and forest stands managed for social objectives (FSMSO), enhancing the socio-recreational use of forests. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), our approach analyses overlap between official trails and FSMSO, identifies direct routes with origin-destination matrices and assesses FSMSO accessibility. Route viability was then calculated, supporting decision-makers in assessing route homologation potential. In our study area (Catalonia, Spain), findings show that only 14% of the FSMSO overlap with official trails. Among those not overlapping, 75% are connected with official trails via the road network, while 25% are inaccessible. Of the accessible stands from official trails, 54% are more than 20\u2009min away on foot, while 22% are within 20\u2009min. Most created connectors (62%) have moderate viability, with 13% showing high viability for official homologation. Regarding forest types, riparian forests are the most common in FSMSO (15%) and the most connected to official trails (17%). Our methodology supports integrated forest planning and trail design, enhancing socio-recreational opportunities, while emphasising the need for regulations addressing risks and challenges linked to promoting the public use of forests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-025-02199-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T16:06:16Z","timestamp":1750781176000},"page":"2150-2168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Linking Forest Planning and Recreational Trail Design: A GIS Approach for Enhancing the Social Use of Forests"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6582-3353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aitor","family":"\u00c0vila Callau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4078-0131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maitane","family":"Erdozain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7541-8140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estela In\u00e9s","family":"Far\u00edas-Torbidoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9738-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"de-Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2199_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2013.01.001","volume":"92","author":"J Abildtrup","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abildtrup J, Garcia S, Olsen SB, Stenger A (2013) Spatial preference heterogeneity in forest recreation. 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