{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T11:54:20Z","timestamp":1772798060103,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,9]],"date-time":"2004-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1094688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Richard Lower (1631\u20131691) was a follower of William Harvey and conducted extensive studies of the physiology of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. He employed surgery as a key component of his experimental work. He described and employed cardiac massage and maintained arterial oxygenation through positive\u2010pressure respiration. Making good use of these procedures, he established the role of the lungs in the \u201cadmixture of air\u201d to the blood. Lower performed exchange transfusion in dogs and transfused the blood of a sheep into a human. He recognized the role of blood transfusion in replacing blood lost from hemorrhage or other causes. In his work on exchange transfusion, he employed extracorporeal vascular conduits, including arterial heterografts. Through surgical experiments he established that all mesenteric lymph passes through the thoracic duct to the subclavian vein. He performed a variety of procedures through an open thorax, closed the thoracotomy, and observed the animals over a period of days. Lower has not received the recognition he deserves as a pioneer surgical investigator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-004-7553-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,2]],"date-time":"2004-09-02T21:43:30Z","timestamp":1094161410000},"page":"938-945","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Richard Lower, M.D., Physician and Surgeon (1631\u20131691)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Arthur J.","family":"Donovan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California 2025 Zonal Avenue 90033 Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","unstructured":"WillisT.Cerebri Anatome: Cui Accessit Descriptio et Usis London (1664)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","unstructured":"LowerR.A Treatise on the Heart on the Movement and Colour of The Blood and on the Passage of the Chyle into the Blood London (1669) pp.1\u2013219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A bibliography of two Oxford physiologists: Richard Lower (1631\u20131691) and John Mayow (1643\u20131679)","volume":"4","author":"Fulton JF","year":"1935","journal-title":"Proc. Papers Oxford Bibliogr. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"The work of Richard Lower (1631\u20131691)","volume":"25","author":"Franklin KJ","year":"1932","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","first-page":"517","article-title":"The life and times of Richard Lower, physiologist and physician (1631\u20131691)","volume":"4","author":"Hoff EC","year":"1936","journal-title":"Bull. Inst. Hist. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","unstructured":"LowerR.Diatribae Thomae Willisii Doct. Med & Prfess. Oxon de febribus Vindicatio adversus Edmundum De Meare London (1665)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","unstructured":"LowerR.De Origine Catarrhi London (1672)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","first-page":"89","article-title":"The effect hepatic venous occlusion rate flow bile","volume":"134","author":"Donovan AJ","year":"1972","journal-title":"Surg. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","unstructured":"PepysS. (Wheatley HB editor).Diary vols. 1\u20108 London (1908)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","first-page":"198","volume-title":"Surgery, An Illustrated History","author":"Rutkow IM","year":"1993"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-004-7553-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00268-004-7553-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-004-7553-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T11:35:10Z","timestamp":1703417710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00268-004-7553-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s00268-004-7553-7"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-004-7553-7","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2313","1432-2323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2313","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2323","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}}}