{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T12:53:58Z","timestamp":1762001638962},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,31]],"date-time":"2007-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,31]],"date-time":"2007-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,31]],"date-time":"2007-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of oxidative stress in the promotion of hepatic and intestinal injury in obstructive jaundice. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of well known antioxidant treatments on the gut\u2013liver axis oxidative status and function in bile duct\u2010ligated rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 60\u00a0male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of 10 animals each: controls, sham operated, bile duct ligated (BDL), and BDL treated with either <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylcysteine (NAC), allopurinol, or \u03b1\u2010tocopherol (\u03b1\u2010TC). Ten days after treatment, the hepatic and intestinal oxidative status was estimated by measuring lipid peroxidation and a battery of biochemical markers comprising the organ\u2019s thiol redox state (i.e., glutathione, cysteine, protein thiols, oxidized glutathione, nonprotein mixed disulfides, oxidized cysteine derivatives, protein symmetrical disulfides, and protein mixed disulfides). Portal and aortic endotoxin concentrations and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were also determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All antioxidant treatments significantly improved intestinal barrier function and protected from cholestatic liver injury, as evidenced by reduction of the portal and aortic endotoxin concentration and ALT levels, respectively. This effect accompanied their significant antioxidant action in both organs, mediated by a certain influence profile on the thiol redox state by each treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>NAC, allopurinol, and \u03b1\u2010TC, exerting a potent combined antioxidant effect on the intestine and liver in experimental obstructive jaundice, significantly prevented intestinal barrier dysfunction and liver injury. The variety of results depending on the antioxidant agent that was administered and the marker of oxidative stress that was estimated, indicates that a battery of biomarkers would be more appropriate in assessing pharmacologic responses to therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9191-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,30]],"date-time":"2007-07-30T16:40:17Z","timestamp":1185813617000},"page":"2023-2032","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of Antioxidant Treatments on the Gut\u2013Liver Axis Oxidative Status and Function in Bile Duct\u2010Ligated Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Stelios F.","family":"Assimakopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine, University of Patras Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Maroulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery School of Medicine, University of Patras Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Patsoukis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Cell, and Developmental Biology University of Patras Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Vagenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery School of Medicine, University of Patras Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chrisoula D.","family":"Scopa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Medicine, University of Patras Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christos D.","family":"Georgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Cell, and Developmental Biology University of Patras Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constantine E.","family":"Vagianos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery School of Medicine, University of Patras Patras Greece"},{"name":"Department of Surgery School of Medicine, Rion University Hospital 26504 Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800721203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.4.587"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190228"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072\u20107515(03)00386\u20107"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"383","article-title":"Free radical\u2010triggered hepatic injury of experimental obstructive jaundice of rats involves overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and enhanced activation of nuclear factor kappaB","volume":"31","author":"Liu TZ","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168\u20108278(02)00234\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0001\u20106772.2003.01229.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102362.2006.01616.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.5.710"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216\u2010004\u20102525\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2004.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520410003605"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02626021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/IJGC:27:3:209"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"G567","article-title":"Xanthine oxidase and neutrophil infiltration in intestinal ischemia","volume":"251","author":"Grisham MB","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005625504535"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000008767"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.1.6.3315807"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749\u20106632.1989.tb14903.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024\u20103205(00)00516\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/121.3.424"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.4899"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000008756"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.1996.11.3.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450\u2010199609000\u201000010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000129523"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2004.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000149306.35717.8b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2003.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1996.0290"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91187-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100773.1996.tb00270.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043661802001688"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9322519"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440\u20101746.1999.01880.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Biochemical events associated with ligation of the common bile duct in Wistar rats","volume":"96","author":"Tsai LY","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891\u20105849(01)00480\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009\u20102797(89)90042\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11373\u2010006\u20109081\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891\u20105849(03)00145\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0898\u20106568(98)00037\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134\u2010005\u20102601\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20011804"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114164"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658\u2010199208000\u201000002"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-007-9191-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00268-007-9191-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-007-9191-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-007-9191-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T14:59:17Z","timestamp":1703602757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00268-007-9191-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,31]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s00268-007-9191-3"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-007-9191-3","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2313","1432-2323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2313","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2323","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2007","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}