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Clinical studies\nhave already shown that XO inhibition is safe and effective for the treatment of gout, tumour\u2010lysis syndrome, and to reduce complications such as post\u2010operative arrhythmias, myocardial infarction and mortality in cardiovascular surgery. Here, we review the evidence from two decades of animal studies that have investigated the effects of XO inhibition during intra\u2010abdominal surgery.\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A search of the Ovid MEDLINE database from 1950 through January 2007 was carried out using the following search terms: xanthine oxidase, allopurinol, ischemia, reperfusion, intestine, bowel, and general surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The inhibition of XO has been shown to reduce oxidative stress, neutrophil priming, damage to intestinal mucosa due to ischemia reperfusion injuries, intestinal anastomotic dehiscence, bacterial translocation, adhesion formation, distant organ injury and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite this evidence which very strongly suggests a likely clinically beneficial role for XO inhibition in the elective and acute operative setting, it is surprising that such an approach has not been investigated in general surgery. There is now sufficient evidence to justify dedicated studies to determine the clinical benefits, dosing and duration of XO inhibition before and after gastrointestinal surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9336-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,11]],"date-time":"2007-12-11T13:33:51Z","timestamp":1197380031000},"page":"288-295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["The Potential Role for Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition in Major Intra\u2010abdominal Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Anubhav","family":"Mittal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Auckland Level 12 Support Building, Auckland City Hospital, Park Rd Grafton Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony R. 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