{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:48:12Z","timestamp":1761518892706},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]],"date-time":"2008-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1221177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare with an incidence of 1% of all breast cancers. The evidence about the treatment is derived from the data on the management of the female breast cancer because conduction of randomized, controlled trials is impossible due to the rarity of the disease. In this study, we review the special features, overall management, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with MBC managed under our care with a brief review of the current literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the period 1998 to 2006, we managed 1103\u00a0new patients with breast cancer in St Mary\u2019s Hospital. Among these, 14 patients were men. We retrospectively reviewed the case notes, histology, and follow\u2010up notes of all the newly diagnosed patients with MBC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this series, 28.6% had only in situ disease. Moreover, in 78.6% there was an in situ component present. One patient was found to have a cancer on the microdochectomy specimen after an operation for single duct nipple discharge, and in a second patient the cancer was found in the gynecomastia operation specimen. All ten invasive tumors were estrogen receptor positive (ER +ve), whereas eight were progesterone receptor positive (PgR +ve). With a median follow\u2010up of 35\u00a0months, there was one locoregional recurrence and one disease\u2010associated death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In situ cancer may not be as rare as previously reported among patients with MBC. Increased patient awareness and early assessment by a specialist is a key to early diagnosis and improved outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-008-9713-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,11]],"date-time":"2008-09-11T12:11:55Z","timestamp":1221135115000},"page":"2471-2476","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Diagnosis and Management of Male Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Sophocles","family":"Lanitis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Care Unit\/Mary Stanford Wing 5th Floor Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary\u2019s Hospital Praed streed W2 1NY London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra J.","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary\u2019s Hospital W2 1NY London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Vaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Care Unit\/Mary Stanford Wing 5th Floor Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary\u2019s Hospital Praed streed W2 1NY London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Cathcart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Care Unit\/Mary Stanford Wing 5th Floor Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary\u2019s Hospital Praed streed W2 1NY London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Filippakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Care Unit\/Mary Stanford Wing 5th Floor Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary\u2019s Hospital Praed streed W2 1NY London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ragheed Al","family":"Mufti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Care Unit\/Mary Stanford Wing 5th Floor Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary\u2019s Hospital Praed streed W2 1NY London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitri J.","family":"Hadjiminas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Care Unit\/Mary Stanford Wing 5th Floor Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary\u2019s Hospital Praed streed W2 1NY London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055\u20109965.EPI\u201005\u20100414"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.10\u20107\u2010471"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.20233"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.264055116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2005.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(06)68226\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549\u2010006\u20109356\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncponc0564"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2005.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BREA.0000010701.08825.2d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"296","article-title":"Male breast carcinoma","volume":"45","author":"Meguerditchian AN","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2004.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002\u20109610(00)00571\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2007.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"709","volume-title":"Williams textbook of endocrinology","author":"Griffin J","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1992.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097\u20100142(19990201)85:3<629::AID\u2010CNCR13>3.0.CO;2\u2010V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2003.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421\u2010198702000\u201000013"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-008-9713-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00268-008-9713-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-008-9713-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T15:13:49Z","timestamp":1703603629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00268-008-9713-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s00268-008-9713-7"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-008-9713-7","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2313","1432-2323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2313","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2323","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]]}}}