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Potential indications for rib fracture repair include flail chest, painful, movable rib fractures refractory to conventional pain management, chest wall deformity\/defect, rib fracture nonunion, and during thoracotomy for other traumatic indication. Rib fracture repair is technically challenging secondary to the human rib\u2019s relatively thin cortex and its tendency to fracture obliquely. Nonetheless, several effective repair systems have been developed. Future directions for progress on this important surgical problem include the development of minimally invasive techniques and the conduct of multicenter, randomized trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-008-9770-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,23]],"date-time":"2008-10-23T14:56:05Z","timestamp":1224773765000},"page":"14-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":191,"title":["Rib Fracture Repair: Indications, Technical Issues, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Raminder","family":"Nirula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery, Burns\/Trauma\/Critical Care Section University of Utah Saltlake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Jose J.","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery, Division of Trauma, Emergency General Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald D.","family":"Trunkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Oregon Health &amp; Science University Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Mayberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Oregon Health &amp; Science University Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"231","volume-title":"The management of fractured ribs and wounds of the chest. 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