{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T05:41:17Z","timestamp":1761716477272},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,12]],"date-time":"2009-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1239494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The undescended testis represents one of the most common disorders of childhood. Laparoscopy has been widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of non\u2010palpable testis. In this study, we investigated and evaluated the usefulness of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of the non\u2010palpable testis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From January 2003 to January 2008, we used laparoscopy in the management of 64 patients with 75 impalpable testes. The patients\u2019 ages varied from 1 to 15 years (median 4.6 years). The sites and sizes of the testes were localized by abdominopelvic ultrasonography (US) in all 64 children. One\u2010stage laparoscopic orchiopexy was performed for 26 testes, staged Fowler Stephens orchiopexy for 17 testes, and laparoscopic orchidectomy for five testes. Follow\u2010up by clinical examination and color Doppler US was performed in every patient who underwent orchiopexy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 11 patients with bilateral non\u2010palpable testes. The overall diagnostic agreement of US with laparoscopy was seen for only 16 of 75 testes (21.3%). The results of diagnostic laparoscopy were varied and showed various pathologic conditions and positions of the testes, such as 20 low intraabdominal testes (26.6%), 17 high intraabdominal testes (22.7%), and 18 testes (24%) that had entered the inguinal canal. Associated inguinal hernia was present in four patients. After a mean follow\u2010up period of 26\u00a0months (6\u00a0months\u20135 years) all testes were seen to be located in the bottom of the scrotum, with the exception of three testes that had retracted to the neck of the scrotum and two testes that had atrophied (2.7%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Laparoscopy has proven to be the only diagnostic modality where the findings provide a clear, dependable direction for definitive management of impalpable testes. It allows an accurate diagnosis and simultaneous definitive treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-009-0004-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,10]],"date-time":"2009-04-10T22:21:39Z","timestamp":1239402099000},"page":"1514-1519","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Laparoscopy in the Management of Impalpable Testis: Series of 64 Cases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Khalid","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Tanta University Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ashour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Tanta University Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"El\u2010Afifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Tanta University Tanta 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