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Furthermore, novel technical developments are extending the application range of US for other thyroid diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of US to differentiate between thyroid carcinoma and benign nodule, between a metastatic lymph node and a reactive node, between thyroid lymphoma and chronic thyroiditis, and between destruction\u2010induced thyrotoxicosis and Graves\u2019 disease is introduced.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Classification systems for thyroid nodule have shown high diagnostic accuracy for thyroid carcinomas except follicular carcinoma. US diagnosis of lymph node metastasis showed high specificity but low sensitivity. Patients who were suspected of thyroid lymphoma based on US findings should undergo incisional biopsy or thyroidectomy for diagnosis of the histologic type if fine\u2010needle aspiration biopsy findings suggest lymphoma. Patients should be carefully followed even if they were diagnosed as negative based on cytologic findings. Measurement of thyroid blood flow is helpful for diagnosing destruction\u2010induced thyrotoxicosis, such as painless thyroiditis, by distinguishing the lesion from Graves\u2019 disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultrasonography is useful for diagnosing various thyroid diseases, including thyroid carcinoma. The remaining issue to be resolved is the diagnosis of follicular carcinoma. Trials using novel techniques to differentiate these lesions are expected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-009-0211-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,12]],"date-time":"2009-10-12T21:40:07Z","timestamp":1255383607000},"page":"1171-1180","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Thyroid Ultrasonography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Kuma Hospital 8\u20102\u201035 Shimoyamate\u2010dori, Chuo\u2010ku 650\u20100011 Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Amino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Kuma Hospital 8\u20102\u201035 Shimoyamate\u2010dori, Chuo\u2010ku 650\u20100011 Kobe 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