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The aim of the review was to assess current literature on the influence of HIV status on surgical decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature review was performed using MEDLINE articles addressing \u201chuman immunodeficiency virus,\u201d \u201cHIV,\u201d \u201cacquired immunodeficiency syndrome,\u201d \u201cAIDS,\u201d \u201cHIV and surgery.\u201d We also manually searched relevant surgical journals and completed the bibliographic compilation by collecting cross references from published papers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results of surgery between noninfected and HIV\u2010infected individuals and between HIV\u2010infected and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients are variable in terms of morbidity, mortality, and hospital stay. The risk of major surgery is not unlike that for other immunocompromised or malnourished patients. The multiple co\u2010morbidities associated with HIV infection and the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy must be considered when assessing and optimizing the patient for surgery. The clinical stage of the patient\u2019s disease should be evaluated with a focus on the overall organ system function. For patients with advanced HIV disease, palliative surgery offers relief of acute problems with improvement in the quality of life. When indicated, diagnostic surgery assists with further decision\u2010making in the medical management of these patients and hence should not be withheld.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV infection should not be considered a significant independent factor for major surgical procedures. Appropriate surgery should be offered as in normal surgical patients without fear of an unfavorable outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-009-9969-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,11]],"date-time":"2009-03-11T08:12:21Z","timestamp":1236759141000},"page":"899-909","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Human Immunodeficiency Disease: How Should It Affect Surgical Decision Making?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"T. E.","family":"Madiba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Private Bag 7 Congella 4013 Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. J. J.","family":"Muckart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Private Bag 7 Congella 4013 Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. 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