{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:28:28Z","timestamp":1790314108593,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,7]],"date-time":"2011-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1323216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parathyroid four\u2010dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) provides greater sensitivity than sestamibi with single photon emission CT (SPECT, or SeS) for preoperative localization of parathyroid tumors in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The radiation dose imparted to the patient during preoperative parathyroid imaging, however, has not been analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with biochemically unequivocal PHPT referred for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy underwent 4DCT or SeS. 4DCT was performed using a 64 detector row CT scanner, and SeS used a standardized protocol of 20\u00a0mCi of technetium\u201099m followed by planar and SPECT imaging. The CT radiation dose was estimated using the Imaging Performance Assessment of CT Scanners (ImPACT) calculator, and the SeS dose was estimated using the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulation (NUREG) method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The calculated effective doses of 4DCT and SeS were 10.4 and 7.8\u00a0mSv, respectively, in contrast to an estimated annual background radiation exposure of approximately 3\u00a0mSv. The dose to the thyroid with 4DCT, however, was about 57 times higher (92.0 vs. 1.6\u00a0mGy) than that with SeS. Based on age\u2010 and sex\u2010dependent risk factors, the calculated risk of 4DCT\u2010related thyroid cancer developing in a 20 year old woman was 1,040\/million (i.e., about 0.1%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>4DCT, a superior preoperative imaging modality for locating parathyroid tumors, imparts a significantly higher thyroid radiation dose than SeS. Given the enhanced risk of thyroid cancer in individuals with radiation exposure at a young age, 4DCT should be used judiciously in young PHPT patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-011-1365-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,6]],"date-time":"2011-12-06T10:24:04Z","timestamp":1323167044000},"page":"1335-1339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Parathyroid Four\u2010Dimensional Computed Tomography: Evaluation of Radiation Dose Exposure During Preoperative Localization of Parathyroid Tumors in Primary Hyperparathyroidism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Amit","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee F.","family":"Starker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine PO Box 208062 06520\u20108062 New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Ghita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Udelsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine PO Box 208062 06520\u20108062 New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Brink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Carling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine PO Box 208062 06520\u20108062 New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864\u2010003\u20100007\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.107.040428"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423\u2010009\u20100534\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2002.119817"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2006.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2006.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2007.12.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434\u2010010\u20101507\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e3181b591c9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","unstructured":"ImPACT(2011)ImPACT\u2019s CT dosimetry tool: CT dosimetry version 1.0.3. 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